Probiotics and the Microbiome in Celiac Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Table 6
Cross tabulations: detection rate of parasites, pathogenic bacteria, opportunistic bacteria, and fungi between treatment groups by measurement occasions.
Parasite
Week
Probiotic group
Placebo group
Chi-square fisher exact test
Not detected (%)
Detected (%)
Not detected (%)
Detected (%)
General parasite
0
2 (8.7)
21 (91.3)
2 (9.1)
20 (90.9)
0.679
12
5 (23.8)
16 (76.2)
6 (28.6)
15 (71.4)
0.500
Parasite unknown taxonomy
0
3 (13)
20 (87)
2 (9.1)
20 (90.9)
0.522
12
7 (33.3)
14 (66.6)
8 (38.1)
13 (61.9)
0.500
Blastocystis hominis
0
20 (87)
3 (13)
17 (77.3)
5 (22.7)
0.324
12
20 (95.2)
1 (4.8)
17 (81)
4 (19)
0.172
Dientamoeba sp.
0
22 (95.7)
1 (4.3)
21 (95.5)
1 (4.5)
0.744
12
21 (100)
0 (0)
20 (95.2)
1 (4.8)
0.500
Necator americanus (Hookworm)
0
21 (91.3)
2 (8.7)
21 (95.5)
1 (4.5)
0.517
12
19 (90.5)
2 (9.5)
20 (95.2)
1 (4.5)
0.500
Trichuris sp. (Whipworm)
0
21 (91.3)
2 (8.7)
22 (100)
0 (0)
0.256
12
19 (90.5)
2 (9.5)
21 (100)
0 (0)
0.244
Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
0
22 (95.7)
1 (4.3)
19 (86.4)
3 (13.6)
0.287
12
21/100
0/0
19/90.5
2 (9.5)
0.244
H. pylori
0
16 (69.6)
7 (31.4)
12 (54.5)
10 (45.5)
0.398
12
16 (76.2)
5 (32.8)
15 (71.4)
6 (29.6)
0.533
Escherichia haemorrhagic coli
0
20 (87.0)
3 (13)
21 (95.5)
1 (4.5)
0.405
12
18 (85.7)
3 (13.3)
21 (100)
0 (0)
0.357
Streptococcus sp.
0
1 (4.5)
21 (95.5)
0 (0)
20 (100)
0.524
12
0 (0)
21 (100)
1 (5.3)
18 (94.7)
0.475
Enterococcus sp.
0
4 (19)
17 (81)
3 (15)
17 (85)
0.529
12
9 (47.4)
10 (52.6)
9 (50)
9 (50)
0.567
Aeromonas sp.
0
23 (100)
0 (0)
21 (95.5)
1 (4.5)
0.489
12
20 (95.2)
1 (4.8)
21 (100)
0 (0)
0.500
Klebsiella oxytoca
0
22 (95.7)
1 (4.3)
22 (100)
0 (0)
0.511
12
21 (100)
0 (0)
21 (100)
0 (0)
UAC
Achromobacter sp.
0
22 (95.7)
1 (4.3)
22 (100)
0 (0)
0.511
12
21 (100)
0 (0)
19 (90.5)
2 (9.5)
0.500
Bacillus sp.
0
23 (100)
0 (0)
20 (90.9)
2 (9.1)
0.335
12
21 (100)
0 (0)
21 (100)
0 (0)
UAC
Morganella morganii
0
22 (95.7)
1 (4.3)
21 (95.5)
1 (4.5)
0.368
12
20 (95.2)
1 (4.8)
21 (100)
0 (0)
0.500
Citrobacter sp.
0
22 (95.7)
1 (4.3)
22 (100)
0 (0)
0.511
12
21 (100)
0 (0)
21 (100)
0 (0)
UAC
Total opportunistic bacteria detected
0
20 (87)
3 (13)
18 (81.8)
4 (18.2)
0.474
12
18 (85.7)
3 (14.3)
19 (90.5)
2 (9.5)
0.500
Candida sp.
0
18 (78.3)
5 (21.7)
12 (54.5)
9 (40.9)
0.190
12
17 (81)
4 (19)
13 (61.9)
8 (38.1)
0.306
Sacharromyces sp.
0
19 (82.6)
4 (17.4)
11 (50)
11 (50)
0.020
12
17 (81)
4 (19)
14 (66.7)
7 (33.3)
0.242
UAC denotes “unable to calculate” due to the specified organisms not being present in any participants in one or both treatment arms.
