Ethnomedicinal Uses of Honeybee Products in Lithuania: The First Analysis of Archival Sources

Table 1

Honeybee and its products used for medicinal purposes in Lithuania.

Bee and its products	Usage	Indication	Ingredients	Preparation method	Usage method	Archival source number
Bee, Apes	External	Viper’s bite	Whole bee	Compress	Application to poisoned part	MT T3, P. 118–120
	External	Toothache	Whole dead bee	Decoction	Rinse the painful part	LLTI BK III-1167
	Internal	Viper’s bite	Whole bee	Live bee	Oral	MT T3, P. 118–120; MMNB F127-87, P. 2–4
	Internal	Swollen throat	Whole bee	Dried bee	Oral	MT T5, P. 19–25
	Internal	Epilepsy	Whole bee	Decoction of dried bees	Oral	LNMA F.NM B75, P. 12; VUBRS F81-115, P. 54-55
Honeycomb	External	Viper’s bite	Whole honeycomb		Fumigation	MT T3, P. 118–120
	Internal	Children’s startle	Whole honeycomb	Decoction	Oral	LKDA B6160, P. 19–81
Honey, Mel communis	External	Tetter	Whole	Ointment	Applied to damaged part	LLTI BK III-653
	External	Neck pain	Whole	Ointment	Applied to damaged part	MT T5, P. 198
	External	Tonsillitis	Whole	Ointment	Applied to damaged part	LMDA I 211 a./20
	External	Joint pain	Whole	Ointment	Applied to damaged part and heated in the sun	IIES 208, P. 872
	External	Abscess	Whole	Ointment	Applied to damaged part	LLTI BK III-901
	External	Tonsillitis	Honey, water	Decoction	Rinse the painful part	MMNB F 25-188, P. 45
	External	Abscess	Honey, backfat	Compress	Application to damaged part	VUBRS F81-92, P. 30; LKDA B642/5, P. 58
	External	Pneumonia	Honey, Nicotiana tabacum L.	Compress	Application to the breast	VUBRS F81-92, P. 21
	External	Abscess	Honey, powder of dried toad	Compress	Application to damaged part	LLTI B2574, P. 18
	External	Abscess	Honey, tuber of Allium sativum L.	Compress	Application to damaged part	LLTI KN.605, P. 193–195
	External	Wound	Honey, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.	Compress	Application to damaged part	LMDA I 283/44921
	External	Slag	Honey, milk	Compress	Application to damaged part	VUBRS F81-92, P. 33
	External	Tonsillitis	Honey, dried toad powders	Compress	Application to damaged part	LNMA KN 270, P. 477
	External	Bone pain	Honey, Nicotiana tabacum L.	Compress	Application to damaged part	LKDA B642/5, P. 58
	External	Hernia	Honey, swine bile	Compress	Application to damaged part	MMNB F25-188
	External	Abscess	Honey, goose fat	Compress	Application to damaged part	IIES 208/192, P. 882
	External	Wounds	Honey, tuber of Allium cepa L., cream, butter	Ointment	Application to damaged part	LMM, P. 171
	External	Wounds	Honey, beeswax, chicken fat, butter	Ointment	Application to damaged part	LMM, P. 155
	External	Wounds, abscess	Honey, decoction of Matricaria recutita L. flowers, juice of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., melted butter	Ointment	Application to damaged part	MMA A424, P. 36-37
	External	Infected wound	Honey, beeswax, fir or pine resin, tuber of Allium sativum L., melted butter or suet, juice of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.	Compress with linen cloth	Application to damaged part	MMNB F 127-87, P. 35–37
	External	Eyestrain	Wild bee’s honey	Raw	Application to damaged part	LMDA I 211 a./26
	Internal	Measles	Honey	Raw	Oral	MMNB F 127-87, P. 35–37
	Internal	Wounds	Honey	Raw	Oral	LLTI B 2750, P. 326
	Internal	Eyestrain	Wild bee’s honey	Raw		LMM, P. 155
	Internal	Cough	Honey, leaves of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.	Maceration	Oral	LMM, P. 10
	Internal	Phthisis, tonsillitis	Honey, juice of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.	Maceration	Oral	MMNB PR.957, P. 2
	Internal	High blood pressure	Honey, dried herb of Tanacetum vulgare L.	Maceration	Oral	MMA A418, P. 2
	Internal	Smallpox	Honey, vodka	Extraction	Oral	MMNB 544
	Internal	Tonsillitis	Honey, Zingiber officinale Roscoe	Extraction	Oral	MMNB F127-87, P. 5
	Internal	High blood pressure	Honey, Anethum graveolens L.	Maceration	Oral	MMA A418, P. 2
	Internal	Bronchitis	Honey, juice of Viburnum opulus L. berries, juice of Beta vulgaris L.	Maceration	Oral	IIES 208/191, P. 876
	Internal	Cough, phthisis, sore throat, dyspnea	Honey, hot milk		Oral	LLTI BK III-451; LLTI B4260, P. 63/210
	Internal	Scarlatina	Honey, dried toad powders	Decoction	Oral	LLTI B4258, P. 3; LLTI B2574, P. 6;. 63.
	Internal	Tonsillitis	Honey, ashes of toad		Oral	MMA A418, P. 1
	Internal	Cough	Honey, tuber of Allium sativum L.		Oral	LNMA F NM B75, P. 4
	Internal	Phthisis	Honey, dog’s lard, butter		Oral	LLTI B4258, P. 22-23
	Internal	Rheumatism	Honey, ants	Decoction	Oral	MMA A418, P. 1
Bee stings	External	Rheumatism, arthritis	Bee stings	Raw	Application to damaged part	LLTI B4258, P. 18
Propolis	External	Abscess	Propolis	Raw	Application to damaged part	LMDA I 1060/412; LLTI B1081, P. 55
Propolis	External	Joints pain	Propolis, ethanol	Extraction	Application to damaged part	MMNB F117-168, P. 2
Propolis	External	Toothache	Propolis, ethanol	Extraction	Application to damaged part	VUBRS F81-921, P. 23–25
Propolis	External	Wounds	Propolis, ethanol	Extraction	Application to damaged part	LLTI BK III-343
Propolis	External	Joints pain	Propolis, sunflower oil	Solution in oil	Application to damaged part	LNMA FNM B172, P. 18
Propolis	Internal	Inside wounds	Propolis, ethanol	Extraction	Oral, drops in water	LNMA FNM B155, P. 8–10
Beeswax	External	Ear pain	Beeswax, linen cloth		Burning of rolled waxy linen cloth	LMDA I 1060 4/239
Beeswax	External	Abscess	Beeswax, sheep fat	Ointment	Application to damaged part	LLTI BK III-1154
Beeswax	External	Burned skin	Beeswax, egg		Application to damaged part	LLTI BK III-343
Beeswax	External	Abscess	Beeswax, butter, tuber of Allium sativum L.	Ointment	Application to damaged part	LKDA B6160, P. 19/74
Beeswax	External	Wounds	Beeswax, chicken fat, honey	Ointment	Application to damaged part	LMM, P. 155
Beeswax	External	“Rose” disease	Beeswax, fir resin, Tilia cordata Mill. flowers, Matricaria recutita L. flowers, butter	Ointment	Application to damaged part	MMA A418, P. 2
Beeswax	External	Infected wounds	Beeswax, tuber of Allium sativum L., lard, fir resin, soap	Ointment	Application to damaged part	MMNB, F127-87, P. 24
Beeswax	External	“Rose” disease	Beeswax, fir resin, lard	Ointment	Application to damaged part	LLTI BK III-1088