Research Article
Effect of Taichi Softball on Function-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: A Randomized Control Trial
Table 2
Within-group and between-group comparisons for outcome measures at baseline and week 7 (
) using repeated measures ANOVA.
| Measure | Within-group effects | Between-group effects | Baseline | Week 7 | | Baseline–Week 7 | Time by group | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F(1, 72) | |
| Spiral Drawing Test | | | | | 29.58 | <0.0001 | Taichi softball | 3.11 (.94) | 2.44 (.77) | <0.0001 | .67 (.76) | | | Control group | 2.18 (.87) | 3.18 (.87) | 0.002 | −.37 (.67) | | |
| Moberg Pickup Test | | | | | 44.76 | <0.0001 | Taichi softball | 21.61 (8.35) | 18.39 (6.71) | <0.0001 | 3.22 (3.33) | | | Control group | 21.11 (8.09) | 21.95 (8.30) | 0.004 | −.84 (1.67) | | |
| Handgrip Strength Test | | | | | 39.26 | <0.0001 | Taichi softball | 16.50 (4.00) | 20.58 (4.20) | <0.0001 | −4.08 (4.17) | | | Control group | 16.63 (4.02) | 16.34 (3.71) | 0.086 | .290 (1.01) | | |
| Arm Curl-Up test | | | | | 34.09 | <0.0001 | Taichi softball | 18.31 (5.99) | 22.33 (4.97) | <0.0001 | −4.03 (4.42) | | | Control group | 17.89 (5.23) | 17.71 (5.10) | 0.033 | .18 (.51) | | |
| Back Scratch Test | | | | | 124.58 | <0.0001 | Taichi softball | 14.57 (4.76) | 10.93 (5.05) | <0.0001 | 3.63 (2.04) | | | Control group | 14.51 (4.39) | 15.40 (4.69) | <0.0001 | −.89 (2.23) | | |
| Chair Stand Test | | | | | 117.09 | <0.0001 | Taichi softball | 13.47 (2.43) | 20.22 (3.32) | <0.0001 | −6.75 (3.70) | | | Control group | 14.02 (2.61) | 13.13 (1.89) | 0.019 | .89 (2.24) | | |
| Timed Up and Go Test | | | | | 213.15 | <0.0001 | Taichi softball | 14.74 (1.22) | 11.16 (.65) | <0.0001 | 3.58 (1.23) | | | Control group | 14.25 (1.00) | 15.27 (1.61) | <0.0001 | −1.03 (1.47) | | |
|
|