A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies Examining Nutritional and Herbal Therapies for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Using Neuroimaging Methods: Study Characteristics and Intervention Efficacy
Table 4
Risk of bias ratings for included studies. Studies are detailed in alphabetical order of authors’ names. Studies with low risk of bias (total scores ≥ 9) are italicised.
Study
Item 1
Item 2
Item 3
Item 4
Item 5
Item 6
Item 7
Item 8
Item 9
Item 10
Total
Bi et al. (2011)
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
5
Cohen et al. (2003)
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
5
de Waal et al. (2014)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
Douaud et al. (2013)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
9
Heo et al. (2016)
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
3
Hofferberth (1994)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Jernerén et al. (2015)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
9
Köbe et al. (2015)
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
5
Matsuoka et al. (2012)
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
6
Muresanu et al. (2010)
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
3
Nilsson et al. (2000)
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
4
Oishi et al. (1998)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
Onofrj et al. (2002)
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
5
Saletu et al. (1995)
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
6
Smith et al. (2010)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
Thomas et al. (2001)
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
5
Tsolaki et al. (in press)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Yamaguchi et al. (2004)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Zhang et al. (2015)
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
6
Zhang et al. (2014)
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
6
Zhang et al. (2012)
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
4
Note. Items rated as yes scored 1, and items rated as no or unable to determine both scored 0. Lower scores indicate a higher risk of bias.