The Immune Effects of an African Traditional Energy Tonic in In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Figure 1

Effects of the traditional energy tonic on cell viability of PHA- and PG-S. aureus-stimulated human PBMCs models. In both models, the energy tonic induced dose dependent cytotoxicity at higher doses (1000 to 500 μg/mL), while lower doses of the energy tonic (100 to 10 μg/mL) increased cell viability when compared to untreated controls but this was not significant (). The estimated IC₅₀ values for the energy tonic for both models were above the highest dose of 1000 μg/mL used to treat the PBMCs models. The positive control, cyclosporine, induced significant () cytotoxicity in both models.