Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Review Article

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo: A Review on Its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrialization

Table 3

The pharmacological effects of Dendrobium officinale.


Effect	Tested material	In vivo/in vitro	Adm.	Conc.	Observations	Ref.

Hepatoprotective effect	Arabinose : mannose : glucose : galactose = 1.26 : 4.05 : 32.05 : 3.67	In vivo	Gavage	50, 100, and 200 mg/kg	Increased the weight in mice	[64]
		In vivo	Gavage	200 mg/kg	Increased liver coefficient in mice
		In vivo	Gavage	50, 100, and 200 mg/kg	Decreased mice serum ALT, AST, ALP activity, and TBIL levels; increased serum HDL-C; decreased LDL-C levels; accelerated metabolism of serum TG and TC; increased liver ADH, ALDH activities; inhibited mRNA expression of P4502E1, TNF-α, and IL-1β
	Arabinose : mannose : glucose : galactose = 1.26 : 4.05 : 32.05 : 3.67	In vivo	Gavage	100 and 200 mg/kg	Increased GR activity and GSH-Px activity in mice	[64]
	Original extract solution	In vivo	Gavage	3 g/kg	Reduced chronic alcoholic liver injured mice’s serum ALT, AST, and TC levels	[65]
	Original extract solution	In vivo	Gavage	6 g/kg	Reduced serum TC level in mice
	Tiepifengdou original extract solution	In vivo	Gavage	0.45, 0.9, and 1.35 g/kg	Reduced serum AST levels in mice
	Original extract solution	In vivo	Gavage	3 g/kg	Increased acute alcoholic hepatic injured mice’s SOD of serum and liver and DSG-Px of liver	[66]
	Tiepifengdou original extract solution	In vivo	Gavage	0.45, 0.90, and 1.35 g/kg	Increased acute alcoholic hepatic injured mice’s SOD of serum and liver and DSG-Px of liver
	Original extract solution	In vivo	Gavage	3 and 6 g/kg	Reduced MDA of serum and liver in mice
	Tiepifengdou original extract solution	In vivo	Gavage	0.45 and 0.90 g/kg	Reduced MDA of serum and liver in mice
	Original extract solution	In vivo	Gavage	9 g/kg	Reduced serum MDA in mice

Anticancer effect	Water extraction by alcohol sedimentation, extraction rate (in dry herb): 19.2%	In vivo	Gavage	10 and 20 g/kg	Increased the level of carbon clearance indexes and NK cells activity of LLC mice ()	[67]
		In vivo	Gavage	20 g/kg	Improved the LLC mice’s spleen lymphocyte transformation and hemolysin levels ()
	Water extraction by alcohol sedimentation	In vitro	—	100, 200, and 400 μg/mL	Inhibited the growth of human hepatoma cells (HepG2), human lung cancer cells (A549), and human teratoma stem cells (NCCIT)	[68]
		In vitro	—	200 and 400 μg/mL	Inhibited murine teratoma stem cells (F9) and promoted their apoptosis
		In vitro	—	100 μg/mL	Promoted the proliferation of mouse spleen cells
	Water extraction and alcohol precipitation	In vivo	Gavage	—	Inhibited the growth transplantation tumor (CNE1 and CNE2) of NPC nude mice	[69]
		In vitro	—	128 and 256 mg/L	Inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of CNE1 and CNE2 cells; activated caspase-3; declined Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 protein levels

Hypoglycemic effect	DOP: 2-O-acetylglucomannan consisted of Man, Glc, and Ara in the molar ratio of 40.2 : 8.4 : 1.0	In vivo	Gavage	200, 100, and 50 mg/kg	Decreased levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated serum protein (GSP); increased level of serum insulin in alloxan induced diabetic mice; attenuated the occurrence of oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic mice (decreased MDA levels; increased GSH concentrations and antioxidative enzyme activities)	[70]
	Extract, crude drug 1.8 g/g	In vivo	Gavage	0.125 and 0.25 g/kg	Reduced STZ-DM rats’ blood glucose and glucagon levels; enhanced the number of islet β cells; declined the number of islet α cells	[71]
		In vivo	Gavage	0.5 and 1.0 g/kg	Decreased blood glucose and increased liver glycogen content in adrenaline induced hyperglycemia rats
	Total polysaccharide: 43.1%, total flavonoids: 19.6%, crude drug 1 g/mL	In vivo	Gavage	TP (total polysaccharides, 100 mg/kg), TF (total flavonoids, 35 mg/kg), and TE (water extract, 6 g/kg)	Significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of JNK (Thr¹⁸³/Tyr¹⁸⁵) and upregulated the phosphorylation of AKT ser⁴⁷³ in rat	[72]

Antifatigue effect	Hot water reflux and cellulase lixiviating extraction	In vivo	Gavage	1.5 and 4.5 g/kg	Increased mice’s glycogen store after exercise fatigue	[73]
	Hot water reflux and cellulase lixiviating extraction	In vivo	Gavage	0.75, 1.5, and 4.5 g/kg	Decreased the level of serum urea and lactic acid accumulation; upregulated the expression of CNTF mRNA in mice
	Hot water extraction then filtration	In vivo	Gavage	0.75 mg/kg	Increased carbon clearance indexes from 0.025 to 0.034 in mice	[74]
		In vivo	Gavage	3 and 6 mg/kg	Extended burden swimming time of mice; reduced serum lactic acids of mice	[74]

Gastric ulcer protective effect	Lyophilization then hot-water extraction, evaporation	In vivo	Gavage	200 mg/kg	Decreased SD rats’ gastric secretion, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokine levels; had 76.6% inhibition of gastric injury rate	[75]
Gastric ulcer protective effect	Squeezing then filtration	In vivo	Gavage	0.5 and 2 g/kg	Declined irritable and chemical gastric ulcer model’s ulcer indexes in mice	[76]

Others	Dry powder	In vivo	Gavage	1.5 and 3 g/kg	Reduced ApoE^−/− mice’s TG, TCHOL, LDL-C levels, and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum; reduced areas of atheromatous plaque in aortic valve and arch in ApoE^−/− mice; then decreased expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in aortic arch	[77]
	Aqueous extract	In vivo	Gavage	0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 crude drug g/kg	Extended Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHR-sp) rats’ blood pressure, living days, and survival rate	[78]
	Water extraction by alcohol sedimentation; mannose : glucose : galactose : arabinose : xylose : glucuronic acid = 10 : 0.25 : 1.2 : 4.7 : 1.3 : 1.4	In vivo	—	20 mg/mL	Inhibited Bax/Bal-2 ratio and caspase-3 expression; decreased expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and activity of MMP-9 in mice	[79]
	Water extraction by alcohol sedimentation; mannose : glucose : galactose : arabinose : xylose : glucuronic acid = 10 : 0.25 : 1.2 : 4.7 : 1.3 : 1.4	In vitro	—	0.1, 1.0, and 10 μg/mL	Ameliorated the abnormalities of aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) on A-253 cell	[79]
	Water extract and alcohol precipitate, extraction rate: 29.87%	In vivo	Smear	5.0 g/L	Increased average score and average quality of hair growth of C57BL/6J mice	[80]
		in vitro	—	0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L	Increased HaCaT cells survival rate and the VEGF mRNA expression level
	Dry power decoction then concentration: traditional decoction or dry power steep in hot water: ultra-fine powder decoction	In vivo	Gavage	—	Increased Shannon index and Brillouin index in mice with constipation and improved their molecular diversity of intestinal Lactobacillus	[81]