Effect Tested material In vivo/in vitro Adm. Conc. Observations Ref. Hepatoprotective effect Arabinose : mannose : glucose : galactose = 1.26 : 4.05 : 32.05 : 3.67 In vivo Gavage 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg Increased the weight in mice [64 ] In vivo Gavage 200 mg/kg Increased liver coefficient in mice In vivo Gavage 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg Decreased mice serum ALT, AST, ALP activity, and TBIL levels; increased serum HDL-C; decreased LDL-C levels; accelerated metabolism of serum TG and TC; increased liver ADH, ALDH activities; inhibited mRNA expression of P4502E1, TNF-α , and IL-1β Arabinose : mannose : glucose : galactose = 1.26 : 4.05 : 32.05 : 3.67 In vivo Gavage 100 and 200 mg/kg Increased GR activity and GSH-Px activity in mice [64 ] Original extract solution In vivo Gavage 3 g/kg Reduced chronic alcoholic liver injured mice’s serum ALT, AST, and TC levels [65 ] Original extract solution In vivo Gavage 6 g/kg Reduced serum TC level in mice Tiepifengdou original extract solutionIn vivo Gavage 0.45, 0.9, and 1.35 g/kg Reduced serum AST levels in mice Original extract solution In vivo Gavage 3 g/kg Increased acute alcoholic hepatic injured mice’s SOD of serum and liver and DSG-Px of liver [66 ] Tiepifengdou original extract solutionIn vivo Gavage 0.45, 0.90, and 1.35 g/kg Increased acute alcoholic hepatic injured mice’s SOD of serum and liver and DSG-Px of liver Original extract solution In vivo Gavage 3 and 6 g/kg Reduced MDA of serum and liver in mice Tiepifengdou original extract solutionIn vivo Gavage 0.45 and 0.90 g/kg Reduced MDA of serum and liver in mice Original extract solution In vivo Gavage 9 g/kg Reduced serum MDA in mice Anticancer effect Water extraction by alcohol sedimentation, extraction rate (in dry herb): 19.2% In vivo Gavage 10 and 20 g/kg Increased the level of carbon clearance indexes and NK cells activity of LLC mice ( ) [67 ] In vivo Gavage 20 g/kg Improved the LLC mice’s spleen lymphocyte transformation and hemolysin levels ( ) Water extraction by alcohol sedimentation In vitro — 100, 200, and 400 μ g/mL Inhibited the growth of human hepatoma cells (HepG2), human lung cancer cells (A549), and human teratoma stem cells (NCCIT) [68 ] In vitro — 200 and 400 μ g/mL Inhibited murine teratoma stem cells (F9) and promoted their apoptosis In vitro — 100 μ g/mL Promoted the proliferation of mouse spleen cells Water extraction and alcohol precipitation In vivo Gavage — Inhibited the growth transplantation tumor (CNE1 and CNE2) of NPC nude mice [69 ] In vitro — 128 and 256 mg/L Inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of CNE1 and CNE2 cells; activated caspase-3; declined Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 protein levels Hypoglycemic effect DOP: 2-O-acetylglucomannan consisted of Man, Glc, and Ara in the molar ratio of 40.2 : 8.4 : 1.0 In vivo Gavage 200, 100, and 50 mg/kg Decreased levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated serum protein (GSP); increased level of serum insulin in alloxan induced diabetic mice; attenuated the occurrence of oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic mice (decreased MDA levels; increased GSH concentrations and antioxidative enzyme activities) [70 ] Extract, crude drug 1.8 g/g In vivo Gavage 0.125 and 0.25 g/kg Reduced STZ-DM rats’ blood glucose and glucagon levels; enhanced the number of islet β cells; declined the number of islet α cells [71 ] In vivo Gavage 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg Decreased blood glucose and increased liver glycogen content in adrenaline induced hyperglycemia rats Total polysaccharide: 43.1%, total flavonoids: 19.6%, crude drug 1 g/mL In vivo Gavage TP (total polysaccharides, 100 mg/kg), TF (total flavonoids, 35 mg/kg), and TE (water extract, 6 g/kg) Significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of JNK (Thr183 /Tyr185 ) and upregulated the phosphorylation of AKT ser473 in rat [72 ] Antifatigue effect Hot water reflux and cellulase lixiviating extraction In vivo Gavage 1.5 and 4.5 g/kg Increased mice’s glycogen store after exercise fatigue [73 ] Hot water reflux and cellulase lixiviating extraction In vivo Gavage 0.75, 1.5, and 4.5 g/kg Decreased the level of serum urea and lactic acid accumulation; upregulated the expression of CNTF mRNA in mice Hot water extraction then filtration In vivo Gavage 0.75 mg/kg Increased carbon clearance indexes from 0.025 to 0.034 in mice [74 ] In vivo Gavage 3 and 6 mg/kg Extended burden swimming time of mice; reduced serum lactic acids of mice [74 ] Gastric ulcer protective effect Lyophilization then hot-water extraction, evaporation In vivo Gavage 200 mg/kg Decreased SD rats’ gastric secretion, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokine levels; had 76.6% inhibition of gastric injury rate [75 ] Squeezing then filtration In vivo Gavage 0.5 and 2 g/kg Declined irritable and chemical gastric ulcer model’s ulcer indexes in mice [76 ] Others Dry powder In vivo Gavage 1.5 and 3 g/kg Reduced ApoE−/− mice’s TG, TCHOL, LDL-C levels, and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum; reduced areas of atheromatous plaque in aortic valve and arch in ApoE−/− mice; then decreased expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in aortic arch [77 ] Aqueous extract In vivo Gavage 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 crude drug g/kg Extended Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHR-sp) rats’ blood pressure, living days, and survival rate [78 ] Water extraction by alcohol sedimentation; mannose : glucose : galactose : arabinose : xylose : glucuronic acid = 10 : 0.25 : 1.2 : 4.7 : 1.3 : 1.4 In vivo — 20 mg/mL Inhibited Bax/Bal-2 ratio and caspase-3 expression; decreased expression of cytokines (TNF-α , IL-1β , and IL-6) and activity of MMP-9 in mice [79 ] Water extraction by alcohol sedimentation; mannose : glucose : galactose : arabinose : xylose : glucuronic acid = 10 : 0.25 : 1.2 : 4.7 : 1.3 : 1.4 In vitro — 0.1, 1.0, and 10 μ g/mL Ameliorated the abnormalities of aquaporin-5 (AQP-5) on A-253 cell [79 ] Water extract and alcohol precipitate, extraction rate: 29.87% In vivo Smear 5.0 g/L Increased average score and average quality of hair growth of C57BL/6J mice [80 ] in vitro — 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/L Increased HaCaT cells survival rate and the VEGF mRNA expression level Dry power decoction then concentration: traditional decoction or dry power steep in hot water: ultra-fine powder decoction In vivo Gavage — Increased Shannon index and Brillouin index in mice with constipation and improved their molecular diversity of intestinal Lactobacillus [81 ]