|
Family | Scientific name | Common name in Spanish | Medicinal use | Signs of toxicity plant part | Reference |
|
Amaranthaceae | Amaranthus spinosus L. | Quelite de Puerco | Rheumatism, diuretic, wound healing | Nephrotoxicity whole plant | [5] |
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. | Epazote | Vermifuge, vomit | Nephrotoxicity abortifacient, hepatotoxicity whole plant | [6] |
|
Amaryllidaceae | Allium glandulosum Link & Otto | Cebolla de monte | Cough, flu, tuberculosis | Numbness, nausea, and vomiting bulb | [7] |
|
Anacardiaceae | Metopium brownei (Jacq.) Urb. | Chechém negro | Antiviral, Rheumatism | Skin burns latex from leaves | [8] |
Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze | Hiedra venenosa | Headache, rheumatism | Dermatitis latex | [9] |
|
Annonaceae | Annona cherimola Mill. | Chirimoya | Diarrhea, dysentery | Abortifacient aerial parts, fruits | [10] |
|
Apiaceae | Conium maculatum L. | Cicuta | Body pain | Hypertension and sweating whole plant | [11] |
|
Apocynaceae | Asclepias curassavica L. | Rompemuelas | Vermifuge, cancer, wound healing, diuretic | Nausea and vomiting, muscle paralysis whole plant | [12] |
Asclepias linaria Cav. | Algodoncillo | Cough, fever, purgative, diuretic | Muscle paralysis leaves | [13] |
Asclepias mexicana Cav. | Venenillo cimarrón | Warts | Numbness leaves | [12] |
Asclepias oenotheroides Schltdl. & Cham | Hierba lechosa | Tooth ache | Numbness, nausea, and vomiting leaves | [5] |
Asclepias subverticillata (A. Gray) Vail | Hierba lechosa | Snake bite | Severe diarrhea leaves | [5] |
Plumeria rubra L. | Zacalazúchil | Stomachache, toothache | Dermatitis latex | [14] |
Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. | Cinco negritos | Wound healing, rheumatism | Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, hypertension, depression aerial parts | [15] |
Thevetia ahouai (L.) A. DC. | Bola de venado | Toothache, headache | Cardiotoxicity fruits and seeds | [8] |
Thevetia gaumeri Hemsl. | Campanilla | Toothache, cancer | Tooth loss leaves, latex | [16] |
Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. | Troncomin | Stomachache | Cardiotoxicity leaves | [17] |
Thevetia thevetioides (Kunth) K. Schum | Yoyote | Warts, analgesic | Cardiotoxicity whole plant | [18] |
|
Aquifoliaceae | Ilex opaca Aiton | American holly | Digestive | Cardiotoxicity and vomiting fruits | [19] |
|
Araceae | Anthurium crassinervium (Jacq.) Schott | Kiilbal chaak | Warts | Dermatitis sap | [8] |
Anthurium pentaphyllum (Aubl.) G. Don | Hoja de reumatismo de bejuco | Rheumatism | Dermatitis aerial parts | [8] |
Anthurium schlechtendalii Kunth | Hoja de piedra | Hemorrhage postpartum | Dermatitis aerial parts | [8] |
Caladium bicolor (Aiton) Vent. | Heart of Jesus | Antiseptic | Dermatitis, diarrhea aerial parts | [4] |
Monstera deliciosa Liebm. | Cerimán | Flu, rheumatism | Dysphagia aerial parts | [20] |
|
Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia foetida Kunth | Guaco | Snake bite, headache | Hepatotoxicity whole plant | [21] |
Aristolochia grandiflora Sw. | Flor de pato | Stomachache, snake bite | Abdominal pain, gastritis roots | [15] |
Aristolochia odoratissima L. | Guaco | Diarrhea, stomachache, belly cramps | Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity roots | [22] |
Aristolochia pentandra Jacq | Camotillo guaco | Fever, diarrhea | Nephrotoxicity roots | [22] |
Aristolochia reticulata Nutt. | Texas dutchman’s pipe | Digestive | Nephrotoxicity roots | [19] |
Aristolochia serpentaria L. | Virginia snakeroot | Digestive, diuretic | Nephrotoxicity roots | [19] |
|
Asparagaceae | Yucca filifera Chabaud | Palma | Cough | Nausea and vomiting aerial parts | [14] |
|
Asteraceae | Acmella repens (Walter) Rich. | Yerba de San Pedro | Malaria | Hallucinations aerial parts | [23] |
Ambrosia confertiflora DC. | Amargosa | Diarrhea, vomiting | Gastritis whole plant | [13] |
Ambrosia peruviana Willd. | Altamisa | Rheumatism, pain, fever | Neurotoxicity whole plant | [24] |
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. | Estafiate | Stomachache | Nausea and vomiting whole plant | [25] |
Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana (Willd. ex Spreng.) D.D. Keck | Estafiate | Vermifuge, fever | Numbness, carcinogenic aerial parts | [14] |
Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Rob. & Brettell | Jaral Amarillo | Fever, diuretic, rheumatism | Hepatotoxicity whole plant | [14] |
Conyza filaginoides (DC.) Hieron. | Simonillo | Stomachache, diabetes, anxiolytic | Nausea and vomiting whole plant | [7] |
Eupatorium odoratum L. | Rama de la cruz | Wound healing, anti-inflammatory | Nausea and vomiting whole plant | [5] |
Flourensia cernua DC. | Hojasén | Stomachache, diarrhea | Hepatotoxicity leaves | [13] |
Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng.) Less. | Tatalencho | Diuretic, rheumatism, analgesic | Sleepiness, muscle paralysis seeds, leaves | [5] |
Haplopappus gymnocephalus DC. | Arnica morada | Body pain, hemorrhoids | Gastritis aerial parts | [14] |
Helenium mexicanum Kunth | Cabezona | Flu | Gastritis and vomiting flowers | [15] |
Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) S.F. Blake | Chilcuague | Analgesic | Narcotic roots | [26] |
Montanoa tomentosa Cerv. | Zoapatle | Rheumatism, cough, menstrual colic | Abortifacient, respiratory failure aerial parts | [27] |
Packera aurea (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve | Life root | Amenorrhea, menopause and leucorrhea. | Hepatotoxicity aerial parts | [19] |
Packera candidissima (Greene) W.A. Weber & Á. Löve | Chuca | Cough | Hepatotoxicity aerial parts | [28] |
Parthenium hysterophorus L. | Escoba amarga | Stomachache, headache | Hypotensive, bradycardia whole plant | [29] |
Parthenium incanum Kunth | Mariola | Stomachache, diarrhea | Nausea and vomiting whole plant | [13] |
Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H. Rob. & Brettell | Matarique | Diabetes, rheumatism | Neurotoxicity roots | [30] |
Tagetes erecta L. | Flor de muerto (cempaxochitl) | Diarrhea, vermifuge, diabetes, rheumatism | Gastritis flowers | [31] |
Tagetes lucida Cav | Pericón | Stomachache, diarrhea, vomit | Abortifacient whole plant | [32] |
Zinnia peruviana (L.) L. | Mal de ojo | Stomachache, diarrhea | Eye irritant | [14] |
|
Berberidaceae | Berberis moranensis Schult. & Schult. f. | Palo amarillo | Rheumatism | Numbness, nausea, and vomiting aerial parts | [33] |
Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. | Blue cohosh | Dysmenorrhea, rheumatism | Nausea and vomiting, gastritis seeds and roots | [11] |
Podophyllum peltatum L. | Mayapple | Genital warts | Altered mental states, tachypnea, peripheral neuropathy, nausea and vomiting, hypotension, and fever whole plant | [19] |
|
Bignoniaceae | Crescentia alata Kunth | Cuatecomate | Cough, asthma | Vomiting, abdominal pain fruit | [21] |
Crescentia cujete L. | Güiro | Cough, tuberculosis | Abortifacient, severe diarrhea fruits | [18] |
|
Boraginaceae | Cordia dentata Poir. | Uvita | Cough | Severe diarrhea fruits | [8] |
Heliotropium curassavicum L. | Alacrancillo | Asthma, anemia, snake bite | Hepatitis whole plant | [11] |
|
Bromeliaceae | Bromelia pinguin L. | Piñuela | Cough | Dermatitis fruits | [34] |
Bromelia plumieri (E. Morren) L.B. Sm. | Timbiriche | Inflammation | Dermatitis fruits | [8] |
|
Cactaceae | Cereus marginatus DC. | Oregano de zopilote | Rabies | Cardiotoxicity aerial parts | [13] |
Coryphantha pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem. | Falso peyote | Rheumatism, analgesic | Sedation in tongue fruit | [14] |
Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) J.M. Coult. | Peyote | Rheumatism, analgesic | Hallucinations whole plant | [30] |
|
Campanulaceae | Lobelia cardinalis L. | Lobelia | Cough, flu | Hypothermia, vomiting, abdominal pain aerial parts | [4] |
Lobelia inflata L. | Lobelia | Asthma, muscle relaxant | Hypotension whole plant | [35] |
|
Canellaceae | Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn. | Cúrbana | Rheumatism, stomachache | Edema, hemorrhage whole plant | [36] |
|
Caprifoliaceae | Lonicera periclymenum L. | Woodbine | Diuretic, cough | Cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity fruits | [11] |
Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake | Snowberry | Tuberculosis | Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain whole plant | [11] |
|
Celastraceae | Celastrus scandens L. | Falsa dulcamara | Diuretic, tuberculosis | Gastritis, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea fruit | [11] |
Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq. | Wahoo | Purgative | Vomiting bark | [11] |
|
Commelinaceae | Commelina elegans Kunth | Hierba del pollo | Conjunctivitis | Edema, dermatitis whole plant | [8] |
Tradescantia spathacea Sw. | Maguey morado | Cancer, wound healing, asthma, cough | Skin burns sap | [8] |
|
Convulvulaceae | Ipomoea murucoides Roem. & Schult. | Cazahuate | Hair loss, wound healing, cough, diuretic | Gastritis bark | [37] |
Ipomoea purga (Wender.) Hayne | Raíz de Jalapa | Purgative | Vomiting and abdominal pain roots | [15] |
Ipomoea stans Cav. | Tumbavaqueros | Epileptic seizures | Neurotoxicity roots | [38] |
Ipomoea tricolor Cav. | Hiedra de flores grandes | Analgesic | Hallucinations aerial parts | [14] |
Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. | Flor de pascua | Fever, wound healing | Hallucinations seeds | [4] |
|
Coriariaceae | Coriaria ruscifolia L. | Huique | Pneumonia | Hallucinations aerial parts | [33] |
|
Cucurbitaceae | Apodanthera undulata A. Gray | Gualaista | Gastritis | Vomiting and abdominal pain roots and seeds | [14] |
|
Dioscoreaceae | Dioscorea floribunda M. Martens & Galeotti | Barbasco amarillo | Rheumatism, body pain | Abortifacient roots | [8] |
|
Equisetaceae | Equisetum hyemale L. | Carricillo | Abdominal pain, urinary tract infections | Hepatotoxicity whole plant | [39] |
|
Ericaceae | Arbutus arizonica (A. Gray) Sarg. | Madroño | Diuretic | Nausea and vomiting fruit | [14] |
Comarostaphylis discolor (Hook.) Diggs | Madroño | Diuretic | Nausea and vomiting fruit | [33] |
Kalmia latifolia L. | Ivy brush | Syphilis | Neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity aerial parts | [11] |
|
Euphorbiaceae | Acalypha monostachya Cav. Cav | Hierba del cancer | Cancer | Skin burns latex | [14] |
Adelia barbinervis Schltdl. & Cham. | Espino blanco | Body pain, wounds | Dermatitis aerial parts | [8] |
Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh | Chaya | Diabetes | Dermatitis aerial parts | [8] |
Cnidoscolus souzae McVaugh | Ch’iinchay | Rheumatism | Dermatitis aerial parts | [8] |
Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur | Ortiga | Diuretic | Hypotension, skin burns, nausea and vomiting whole plant | [24] |
Croton ciliatoglandulosus Ortega | Hierba de la cruz | Constipation | Gastritis, excessive salivation whole plant | [4] |
Croton humilis L. | ik’ja’aban | Wounds | Skin burns aerial parts | [8] |
Dalechampia scandens L. | Mo’ol koj | Headache | Edema, dermatitis aerial parts | [11] |
Euphorbia cotinifolia L. | Lechero rojo | Purgative | Skin burns seeds | [24] |
Euphorbia hirta L. | Hierba de la golondrina | Stomachache | Skin burns aerial parts | [14] |
Euphorbia maculata L. | Hierba de la golondrina | Tooth ache | Severe diarrhea, vomiting seeds | [4] |
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton | Hierba de la golondrina | Pain in the kidney, wounds, diarrhea | Gastritis, abdominal pain whole plant | [31] |
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch | Noche buena | Wound healing | Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain whole plant | [40] |
Euphorbia tithymaloides L. | Redbird flower | Asthma, skin cancer, warts | Irritation of the mouth and throat, vomiting whole plant | [20] |
Hura crepitans L. | Catahua | Laxative | Skin burns seeds | [41] |
Hura polyandra Baill. | Haba | Stomachache, body pain, | Skin burns latex, nausea and vomiting, gastritis seeds and fruits | [15] |
Jatropha curcas L. | Piñon | Fever, warts | Dermatitis, vomiting, diarrhea seeds, leaves | [36] |
Jatropha dioica Sessé | Sangre de grado | Cancer, rheumatism, hair loss, wound healing | Dermatitis, vomiting, muscle paralysis stem, fruits | [13] |
Jatropha gossypiifolia L. | Tua tua | Cough, flu, fever | Skin burns, abortifacient seeds, leaves | [42] |
Jatropha multifida L. | Palmeado | Wound healing, to purify blood | Severe diarrhea seeds | [43] |
Manihot esculenta Crantz | Yuca | Wound healing, vermifuge | Poisoning and neurotoxicity leaves | [41] |
Tragia nepetifolia Cav. | Ortiguilla | Diuretic | Skin burns Aerial parts | [44] |
Tragia yucatanensis Millsp. | P’oop’ox | Rheumatism | Dermatitis aerial parts | [8] |
|
Fabaceae | Abrus precatorius L | Semilla de culebra | Diabetes, asthma | Stomachache, diarrhea aerial parts | [4] |
Andira inermis (W. Wright) Kunth ex DC. | Yaba | Vermifuge | Vomiting, fever, hypotension, mental confusion, respiratory insufficiency bark | [36] |
Astragalus plattensis Nutt. | Garbancillo | Diuretic | Vomiting leaves | [26] |
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. | Clavellina colorada | Fever, pain, cough | Dermatitis and neurotoxicity Aerial parts | [18] |
Calliandra grandiflora (L’Hér.) Benth. | Cabello de ángel | Fever | Dermatitis leaves | [45] |
Calliandra molinae Standl. | Palo de corcho | Hypertension | Hepatotoxicity, hypotension leaves | [46] |
Crotalaria pumila Ortega | Tronador | Cough, diabetes | Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting whole plant | [14] |
Crotalaria sagittalis L. | Cocuite | Fever, snake bite | Anoxia, gastritis, abdominal pain, blood in feces Aerial parts | [4] |
Dalea bicolor Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | Engordacabra | Diarrhea | Vomiting aerial parts | [14] |
Diphysa robinioides Benth. | Flor de gallito | Fever, headache | Nausea and vomiting leaves | [47] |
Entada polystachya (L.) DC. | Bejuco de agua | To promote hair growth | Abdominal pain and severe diarrhea Fruits | [4] |
Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. | Cascabel sonaja | Bronchitis, sore throat | Severe diarrhea and abdominal pain Aerial parts | [4] |
Erythrina americana Mill | Colorin | Diuretic | Immobilization, hypotension, and respiratory paralysis seeds | [15] |
Erythrina standleyana Krukoff | Cancer | Cancer | Somnolence, vomit aerial parts | [8] |
Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp | Matarratón | Vermifuge | Nausea and vomiting roots, leaves, seeds | [24] |
Indigofera microcarpa Desv. | Yaga-cohui-pichacha | Purgative | Severe diarrhea leaves | [4] |
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. | Añil | Vermifuge | Severe diarrhea leaves | [4] |
Leucaena esculenta (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Benth. | Guaje | Wound healing | Nausea and vomiting seeds | [48] |
Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch | Indian balsam | Burns, wounds and ulcers | Allergies, contact urticaria and dermatitis resin | [49] |
Phaseolus lunatus L. | Frijol ancho | Fever, headache | Seizures, immobilization whole plant | [4] |
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. | Mezquite | Fever, diabetes | Nausea and vomiting seeds | [4] |
Robinia pseudoacacia L. | Black locust | Diuretic, laxative | Anorexia, hypothermia, dyspnoea bark, leaves and seeds | [4] |
Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby | Parral | Diabetes | Abortifacient fruit | [33] |
Senna occidentalis (L.) Link | Frijolillo | Fever | Gastritis, dermatitis, and conjunctivitis fruit | [4] |
|
Garryaceae | Garrya ovata Benth. | Cuauhchichic | Diarrhea | Muscle paralysis bark | [26] |
|
Gelsemiaceae | Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J. St.-Hil. | Retama | Stomachache, asthma, headache, rheumatism | Sedative, vertigo, hypotension, blurred vision whole plant | [10] |
|
Gesneriaceae | Moussonia deppeana (Schltdl. & Cham.) Hanst. | Cacahuapaxtle | Diuretic, gastritis | Abortifacient aerial parts | [50] |
|
Lamiaceae | Hedeoma drummondii Benth. | Drummond’s false pennyroyal | Muscle relaxing | Abortifacient whole plant | [26] |
Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. | American pennyroyal | Antispasmodic, pneumonia | Abortifacient, kidney toxicity aerial parts | [19] |
Salvia leucantha Cav | Lana | Cough, stomachache | Abortifacient aerial parts | [27] |
Satureja brownei (Sw.) Briq. | Poleo | Colic, cough | Nausea and vomiting, dermatitis, bleeding whole plant | [24] |
Scutellaria lateriflora L. | Scullcap | Nervousness, headache, fever, anxiety | Giddiness, stupor, confusion, twitching of the limbs, intermission of the pulse whole plant | [19] |
|
Loasaceae | Mentzelia hispida Willd. | Pegajilla | Rheumatism, anemia | Vomiting resin | [14] |
|
Loranthaceae | Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) G. Don | Muerdago o injerto | Hypertension, seizures, rheumatism, wound healing | Nausea and vomiting whole plant | [26] |
|
Lythraceae | Cuphea aequipetala Cav. | Hierba del cáncer | Cancer, wound healing | Numbness, nausea and vomiting aerial parts | [10] |
|
Magnoliaceae | Magnolia grandiflora L. | Magnolia | Nervousness, menstrual colics | Dermatitis leaves | [51] |
|
Malpighiaceae | Malpighia glabra L. | Acerola | Dysentery, fever | Dermatitis fruits | [19] |
|
Malvaceae | Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. | Ceiba | Diuretic, cough, fever | Dermatitis seeds | [24] |
Tilia mexicana Schltdl. | Tilia | Nervousness, menstrual pain | Hepatotoxicity flower | [39] |
|
Marantaceae | Thalia geniculata L. | Kento | Anaemia, hemorrhoids | Edema, gastritis aerial parts | [8] |
|
Martyniaceae | Martynia annua L. | Uña de gato | Snake bite | Nausea and vomiting seeds | [18] |
|
Melanthiaceae | Veratrum californicum Durand | California corn lily | Cancer | Neurotoxicity whole plant | [11] |
Trillium erectum L. | Bethroot | To prevent obstetric hemorrhage | Skin burns leaves | [19] |
|
Menispermaceae | Menispermum canadense L. | Canada moonseed | Warts | Cardiotoxicity fruits | [11] |
|
Myrtaceae | Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. | Pimiento | Rheumatism, stomachache | Neurotoxicity whole plant | [19] |
|
Nartheciaceae | Aletris farinosa L. | Unicorn root | Laxative, diarrhea, rheumatism | Narcotic whole plant | [19] |
|
Nyctaginacea | Mirabilis jalapa L | Maravilla | Rheumatism, stomachache, fever | Severe diarrhea roots and seeds | [4] |
|
Oxalidaceae | Oxalis alpina (Rose) Rose ex R. Knuth | Acedera | Gastritis | Poisoning whole plant | [7] |
|
Papaveraceae | Argemone mexicana L. | Cardo santo | Wound healing, fever, diuretic, analgesic | Dermatitis, abortifacient immobilizing, neurotoxicity whole plant | [35] |
Sanguinaria canadensis L. | Bloodroot | Skin cancer, polyps and warts | Narcotic root | [19] |
|
Passifloraceae | Passiflora caerulea L. | Pasionaria azul | Epilepsy, anxiolytic | Nausea and vomiting, dizziness flower | [24] |
Passiflora edulis Sims | Maracuya | Relaxing | Hallucinations, dizziness, confusion, ataxia, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, and tachycardia; flower | [39, 41] |
Passiflora quadrangularis L. | Badea | Vermifuge, obesity | Nausea and vomiting, dizziness leaves and seeds | [24] |
|
Petiveriaceae | Rivina humilis L. | Coralillo | Varicose veins, snake bite, wound healing, stomachache | Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain whole plant | [11] |
|
Phytolaccaceae | Phytolacca americana L. | Hierba carmine | Warts | Blurred vision, vomit, vertigo whole plant | [52] |
Phytolacca icosandra L. | Mazorquilla | Cancer, vermifuge, rheumatism | Blurred vision, vomiting, roots | [14] |
Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth & C.D. Bouché | Mazorquilla | Headache, wound healing, vermifuge | Blurred vision, vomit, vertigo whole plant | [30] |
|
Plantaginaceae | Scoparia dulcis L. | Culantrillo | Diarrhea, stomachache, asthma, nervousness | Hepatotoxicity whole plant | [39] |
|
Plumbaginaceae | Plumbago pulchella Boiss. | Jiricua | Diabetes, wound healing | Skin burns, vomiting whole plant | [14] |
|
Polygalaceae | Monnina schlechtendaliana D. Dietr. | Aguacatillo | Dehydration | Nausea and vomiting fruit | [33] |
Polygala senega L. | rattlesnake root | Cough, diuretic | Gastritis roots | [19] |
Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. | Canaigre | Wound healing | Vomiting, abdominal pain Aerial parts | [19] |
|
Ranunculaceae | Actaea alba (L.) Mill. | White cohosh | Arthritis, rheumatism, dysmenorrhea | Headache, vomiting, delirium, circulatory failure whole plant | [19] |
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willd. | Baneberry | Dysmenorrhea | Vomiting, abdominal pain, salivation fruits and roots | [11] |
Anemone canadensis L. | Meadow anemone | Body pain and wound healing | Salivation, abdominal pain, and salivation whole plant | [11] |
Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. | Baneberry | To manage some symptoms of menopause | Vomiting, abdominal pain fruit | [19] |
Clematis dioica L. | Barba de chivo | Rheumatism, cough, diuretic | Skin burns leaves | [10] |
Clematis virginiana L. | Old man’s beard | For skin disorders (sores, cuts), itching and venereal eruptions | Dizziness, confusion, profuse salivation leaves | [19] |
Hydrastis canadensis L. | Sello dorado | Laxative | Gastritis, abortifacient rhizome | [35] |
Ranunculus geoides Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth ex DC | Pata de león | Cough | Skin burns seeds and fruits | [30] |
Thalictrum strigillosum Hemsl. | Hierba del zorro | Cough | Nausea and vomiting whole plant | [7] |
|
Rhamnaceae | Karwinskia humboldtiana (Schult.) Zucc. | Tullidora | Wound healing | Immobilization, abortifacient fruit | [53] |
Karwinskia mollis Schltdl. | Capulín | Wound healing | Immobilization fruit | [54] |
Rhamnus kcalifornica Eschsch | California buckthorn | Laxative | Gastritis fruit and bark | [11] |
|
Rosaceae | Prunus serotina Ehrh. | Capulín blanco | Cough, diarrhea, abdominal pain | Spasm, nausea and vomiting leaves and seeds | [7] |
|
Rubarwiaceae | Carapichea ipecacuanha (Brot.) L. Andersson | Ipecac | Dysentery | Rhinitis or asthma whole plant | [19] |
Cephalanthus occidentalis L. | Guayabillo | Fever | Vomiting, seizures, anemia bark | [4] |
Cinchona pubescens Vahl | Quino | Malaria, varicose veins, internal hemorrhoids | Hypoglycemia, hematologic disorders, urticaria, contact dermatitis, and other hypersensitivity reactions. | [19] |
|
Rutaceae | Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex. | Matasanos | Hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism | Hepatotoxicity, peptic ulcer, hypotensive leaves | [46] |
Ruta chalepensis L. | Ruda | Analgesic | Dermatitis, abortifacient aerial parts | [18] |
Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. | Colima | Nervousness | Narcotic leaves | [26] |
|
Santalaceae | Phoradendron bolleanum (Seem.) Eichler | Muerdago | Diuretic | Nausea and vomiting leaves and seeds | [55] |
Phoradendron quadrangulare (Kunth) Griseb. | Muerdago | Cancer | Nausea and vomiting, dehydration aerial parts | [11] |
Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst. | Muerdago | Cancer, diabetes | Nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, dehydration aerial parts | [11] |
|
Sapindaceae | Sapindus saponaria L. | Jaboncillo | Diuretic | Skin burns seeds | [24] |
|
Sapotaceae | Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn | Zapote | To eliminate louse | Nausea and vomiting, dizziness seeds | [35] |
|
Scrophulariaceae | Buddleja marrubiifolia Benth. | Azafran de campo | Diuretic | Neurotoxicity seeds | [26] |
|
Simaroubaceae | Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch. | Palo Amarillo | Stomachache, diabetes | Hypotension bark | [35] |
Castela tortuosa Liebm. | Chaparro amargo | Fever, amebas | Hepatotoxicity stem | [37] |
|
Smilacaceae | Smilax aristolochiifolia Mill. | Zarzaparilla | Syphilis, psoriasis | Gastritis whole plant | [19] |
|
Solanaceae | Capsicum annuum L. | Chile | Analgesic | Dermatitis by rubbing or gastritis, hemorrhoids, and colitis by oral administration seeds, fruits | [35] |
Cestrum fasciculatum (Schltdl.) Miers | Hierba del perro | Vomiting | Nausea and vomiting, dizziness aerial parts | [10] |
Cestrum nocturnum L. | Dama de noche | Headache, stomachache | tachycardia, dyspnea, fever, hallucinations leaves | [4] |
Datura inoxia Miller. | Toloache | Diabetes, asthma, wound healing | Narcotic, anorexic, cardiotoxicity, blurred vision seeds | [15] |
Solanum americanum Mill | Quelite mora | Headache, wound healing | Dermatitis, vomiting, severe diarrhea, paralysis fruits | [29] |
Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. | Trompillo | Rattlesnake bite | Dermatitis whole plant | [13] |
Solanum mammosum L. | Chichigua | Diuretic, cough | Narcotic, cardiotoxicity fruits | [35] |
Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti | Hierba mora | Fever, rheumatism | Immobilization leaves and seeds | [7] |
Solanum rostratum Dunal | Duraznillo | Diuretic, stomachache, diarrhea | Dermatitis aerial parts | [13] |
Witheringia solanacea L’Hér. | Merengena | To purify blood | Nausea and vomiting leaves and seeds | [47] |
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Urticaceae | Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich. ex Wedd. | Ortiga brava | Diuretic, rheumatism, body pain | Dermatitis, edema aerial parts | [11] |
Urtica mexicana Liebm. | Ortiga | Diabetes, rheumatism | Skin burns aerial parts | [10] |
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Verbenaceae | Duranta repens L. | Mohuite de huerto | To purify blood, fever | Nausea and vomiting, seizures flowers | [4] |
Lantana camara L. | Hierba de San Pedro | Stomachache, diarrhea, rheumatism | Hepatotoxicity, nausea, and vomiting aerial parts | [52] |
Lippia dulcis Trevir. | Hierbabuena dulce | Cough, diarrhea, stomachache | Vertigo, hypotension aerial parts | [18] |
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Zygophyllaceae | Larrea divaricata Cav. | Chaparral | Rheumatism, tuberculosis, snake bite | Hepatotoxicity aerial parts | [56] |
Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville | Gobernadora | Diabetes, diuretic | Hepatotoxicity, nausea and vomiting, abortifacient, gastritis aerial parts | [37] |
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