Biomechanical Effects of Lateral Bending Position on Performing Cervical Spinal Manipulation for Cervical Disc Herniation: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Table 2
Elastic tissue material properties of the AF and NP.
Description
Element type
Young’s modulus (MPa)
Poisson’s ratio
Normal disc
AF
3D solid (4 node)
2.50
0.40
NP
3D solid (4 node)
1.50
0.49
Moderately degenerated disc
AF
3D solid (4 node)
2.50
0.40
NP
3D solid (4 node)
2.00
0.49
Severely degenerated disc
AF
3D solid (4 node)
5.00
0.20
NP
3D solid (4 node)
4.00
0.25
AF Young modulus represents the modulus of lateral AF. AF: annulus fibrosus; NP: nucleus pulposus.