Review Article

Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Mental Health and Psychological Quality of Life among University Students: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review

Table 3

Methodological quality of the included studies.

Authors/year/countryRandomizationAllocation concealmentBlindingIncomplete outcome dataSelective outcome reportingOther sources of bias

Bai et al. 2020 [24] USARandom number tableUnclearUnclearYesYesUnclear
Baumgartner and Schneider 2023 [25] USAComputer-generated random number tableMentionSubjectsYesYesUnclear
Cavanagh et al. 2013 [33] USAResearch randomizer websiteComputer generated blocked random allocationYes (research assistant, participants)YesYesUnclear
Chen et al. 2013 [34] USAComputer-generated random number tableMentionYes (research assistant, participants)YesYesUnclear
Danitz and Orsillo 2014 [30] USAComputer-generated random number tableUnclearUnclearYesYesUnclear
Martínez-Rubio et al. 2021 [35] UKComputer-generated random number tableMentionUnclearYesYesUnclear
Delgado et al. 2010 [36] USAComputer-generated random number tableUnclearUnclearYesYesUnclear
Dvořáková et al. 2017 [37] USAOnline randomizerMentionYes (research assistant, participants)YesYesUnclear
Vibe et al. 2013 [38] NORComputer-generated random number tableUnclearUnclearYesYesUnclear
Seppälä et al. 2020 [26] UKRandom number tableMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Galante et al. 2020 [32] USAComputer-generated random number tableConcealed in opaque, sealed envelopesYes (student sample)YesYesUnclear
Greeson et al. 2014 [31] USAResearch randomizer (www.randomizer.org)Blocked randomizationYes (MBSR course instructors)YesYesUnclear
Gu et al. 2018 [49] CHAComputer-generated random number tableConcealed in opaque, sealed envelopesYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Hazlett-Stevens and Oren 2016 [40] USAMentionUnclearUnclearYesYesUnclear
Huberty et al. 2019 [27] USAOnline randomization tool (randomizer.org)MentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Kang et al. 2009 [41] KORMentionMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Kvillemo et al. 2016 [42] SWERandom number tableMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Luethcke et al. 2011 [43] USABlock-randomization procedureUnclearNoYesYesUnclear
Lever Taylor et al. 2014 [44] UKBlock randomizationMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Erogul et al. 2014 [45] USARandom number tableMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Simonsson et al. 2013 [29] USARandom number tableMentionUnclearYesYesUnclear
Ritvo et al. 2021 [28] CAN1 : 1 block randomizationConcealed in opaque, sealed envelopesYes (participants and research assistant)YesYesUnclear
Phang et al. 2015 [50] CHARandom number tableMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Recabarren et al. 2019 [46] CHComputer-generated random number tableMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Sun et al. 2021 [47] USARandom number tableMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Song and Lindquist 2015 [48] USAComputer-generated random number tableMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
van Dijk et al. 2017 [51] NLResearch randomizer websiteMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear
Yang et al. 2018 [53] USAResearch randomizer websiteMention(participants and research assistant)YesYesUnclear
Gu et al. 2017 [39] CHAComputer-generated random number tableUnclearYes (subjects)YesYesUnclear
Warnecke et al. 2011 [52] AUSRandom number tableMentionYes (participants)YesYesUnclear