|
| Classification | Effect | Measure | Realization |
|
| | Reducing solar irradiation
(lower ; SRM) | Space measures | Placing mirrors or dust in space |
| | | Stratospheric measures | Injection of sulfur or nanoparticles |
| Radiation management (RM) | Increasing albedo (higher A; SRM) | Cloud measures | Injection of salt aerosols into marine stratus clouds |
| | | Surface measures | Modification of crop, forest, desert, or urban albedo |
| | Increasing radiation
(lower α; TRM) | Cloud measures | Injection of bismuth(III) iodide into cirrus clouds |
|
| | | Biological-based measures | Biochar production, afforestation, ocean iron fertilization |
| Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) | Reducing -absorbing atmospheric carbon (lower α) | Chemical-based measures | Spreading pulverized lime or calcium hydroxide in the ocean, air capture |
| | | Physical-based measures | Enhancing downwelling currents |
|