Research Article

Institutions of Higher Education and the Regional Economy: A Long-Term Spatial Analysis

Table 1

Variable descriptions, sources of data, and descriptive Statistics.

Variable NameDescriptionSource of dataMeanStd. Dev.

Change in log employmentln(emp. 2000)–ln(emp. 1970), where emp. is the total number of jobsREIS0.510.45
Change in log wage/salaryln(wage 2000)–ln(wage 1970), where wage is the average wage and salary per job, in $REIS1.560.16
Number of collegesNumber of institutions of higher educations, academic year 1970-1971HEGIS 1970-71 IC0.952.83
Number of large collegesNumber of institutions of higher educations with enrollment of 10,000 students or more, as of fall 1970HEGIS 1970-71 IC0.060.38
Number of colleges—EngineeringNumber of institutions of higher educations with accredited engineering programs, academic year 1970-1971HEGIS 1970-71 IC0.090.39
Number of colleges—BusinessNumber of institutions of higher educations with accredited business programs, academic year 1970-1971HEGIS 1970-71 IC0.050.26
Number of colleges—MedicineNumber of institutions of higher educations with accredited medicine programs, academic year 1970-1971HEGIS 1970-71 IC0.030.24
Number of colleges—Doctoral/Master’sNumber of colleges and universities offering doctoral or master’s degrees, academic year 1970-1971HEGIS 1970-71 IC; Carnegie 20000.260.86
Number of colleges—BaccalaureateNumber of colleges offering baccalaureate degrees but not above, academic year 1970-1971HEGIS 1970-71 IC; Carnegie 20000.170.51
Number of colleges—Associate’sNumber of colleges offering associate’s degrees and certificate programs but not above, academic year 1970-1971HEGIS 1970-71 IC; Carnegie 20000.230.69
Number of colleges—Other CarnegieNumber of institutions of higher education in academic year 1970-1971 not classified as doctoral/master’s/baccalaureate/associate’s institutions in Carnegie Classification 2000.HEGIS 1970-71 IC; Carnegie 20000.291.40
Ln(emp70)Natural log of employment 1970REIS9.051.34
Ln(wage70)Natural log of average wage/salary 1970REIS8.530.22
Land areaLand area included (in thousandths of a square kilometer)1990 Census U.S. Gazetteer files24838183375585
Employment share of resource sectorsResource sectors’ employment divided by total employment * 100%, 1970REIS20.1414.30
Employment share of manufacturingManufacturing employment divided by total employment * 100%, 1970REIS16.5612.88
Undetermined industrial mixDummy variable indicating missing data on employment of resource sectors and/or manufacturing sector, 1970REIS0.130.33
County Latitude/Longitude coordinates1990 Census U.S. Gazetteer files

REIS: Regional Economic Information System.
HEGIS 1970-71 IC: Higher Education General Information Survey, 1970-1971, Institutional Characteristics.
Carnegie 2000: The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, 2000 Edition. Electronic data file, 4th revision, 2003.