Socioeconomic Conditions and Risk of Mental Depression: An Empirical Analysis for Brazilian Citizens
Table 2
Relative frequencies, depression rates, and standard errors for different groups, by gender* (%).
Variables
Categories
Men (47.88%)
Women (52.12%)
Rel. freq.**
Dep. rate
Std. Error
Rel. freq.**
Dep. rate
Std. Error
Average family income (R$ in 2008)
1° decile
3.10
0.12
8.26
0.18
2° decile
3.51
0.13
9.70
0.19
3° decile
3.88
0.14
9.92
0.20
4° decile
3.89
0.14
9.98
0.20
5° decile
3.69
0.13
10.53
0.21
6° decile
4.12
0.14
10.67
0.21
7° decile
3.91
0.14
10.66
0.21
8° decile
3.92
0.13
10.41
0.21
9° decile
3.91
0.14
9.52
0.20
10° decile
3.59
0.13
8.32
0.19
Years of schooling
0 or <1
13.22
4.40
0.12
12.22
11.38
0.19
1–3
13.70
3.85
0.11
13.18
12.17
0.19
4–7
28.61
4.06
0.08
27.53
11.41
0.13
8–10
14.42
3.70
0.11
13.79
9.34
0.17
11–14
22.07
3.18
0.08
24.28
7.32
0.11
≥15
7.98
3.16
0.14
8.99
6.66
0.18
Age
25–29
17.29
2.04
0.07
16.52
4.96
0.11
30–34
16.14
2.61
0.09
15.80
7.16
0.14
35–39
15.19
3.18
0.10
14.95
8.77
0.15
40–44
14.20
3.93
0.12
14.15
10.38
0.17
45–49
12.06
4.50
0.13
12.21
12.14
0.20
50–54
10.05
5.12
0.15
10.22
13.15
0.23
55–59
7.84
5.71
0.19
8.23
13.74
0.26
60–65
7.23
6.05
0.20
7.92
14.07
0.27
Color
White
52.49
4.21
0.06
54.31
10.64
0.09
Black
7.08
2.95
0.14
6.58
8.70
0.23
Mulatto
39.86
3.32
0.06
38.51
8.88
0.09
Asian
0.58
2.95
0.55
0.60
5.14
0.67
Married
Yes
74.64
3.46
0.05
67.16
9.10
0.08
No
25.36
4.65
0.09
32.84
11.24
0.12
Has children
Yes
61.64
3.31
0.05
69.74
9.50
0.07
No
38.36
4.47
0.07
30.26
10.49
0.12
Position within the family
Head
76.85
3.73
0.05
25.46
13.07
0.1
Others
23.15
3.87
0.09
74.54
8.68
0.07
Number of family members
1
4.80
6.33
0.24
3.43
17.05
0.44
2
15.85
4.62
0.12
19.18
11.71
0.16
3
25.87
3.61
0.08
26.63
10.06
0.13
4
28.03
3.35
0.08
26.92
8.73
0.12
5
14.55
3.33
0.10
13.74
8.45
0.16
6
5.99
3.43
0.17
5.60
8.19
0.24
≥7
4.90
3.24
0.17
4.49
7.17
0.25
Region
Northern
5.82
2.45
0.11
5.55
6.60
0.17
Southern
16.12
5.10
0.12
15.82
13.57
0.18
Southeastern
44.86
3.90
0.07
45.45
10.04
0.11
Northeastern
25.84
3.01
0.07
25.99
7.60
0.10
Midwestern
7.36
3.61
0.11
7.19
10.43
0.18
Residence
Urban
82.83
3.91
0.05
85.49
10.05
0.07
Rural
17.17
3.01
0.10
14.51
8.34
0.15
Has a chronic
Yes
36.74
7.29
0.10
46.21
16.25
0.12
physical condition
No
63.26
1.70
0.04
53.79
4.26
0.06
Year
1998
28.46
4.78
0.09
28.23
11.32
0.12
2003
33.26
3.35
0.07
33.29
9.56
0.11
2008
38.27
3.35
0.07
38.49
8.90
0.10
Source: Data from the selected sample. Notes: *The number of observations for men is 239,776 and for women, 262,169; **percentage relative frequencies of observations within each category.
