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| Author(s) and date | Variable used | Country, coverage, and method | Findings |
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| Chimobi and Uche, 2010 [47] | Gov’t consumption, household consumption, real GDP, and export | Nigeria; annual data (1970–2005); VAR | (i) No long-run equilibrium relationship
(ii) Export causes domestic demand
(iii) Bilateral causality between export and household consumption |
| Prasanna, 2010 [48] | Inward FDI, total manufactured exports, high technology manufactured exports, and manufacturing value added | India; annual data (1991-92–2006-07); OLS | FDI significantly influences exports |
| Martinez-Martin, 2010 [49] | FDI, exports, domestic income, world income, and competitiveness | Spain; annual data (1993–2008); VECM | A positive Granger causality runs from FDI to exports in the long-run |
| Duasa, 2009 [50] | Volume of exports and imports, REER, and trade balance | Malaysia; annual data (1999–2006); TAR and M-TAR | A long-run asymmetric cointegration exists between REER and exports |
| Babatunde, 2009 [7] | Merchandise exports, REER, average tariff rate, exchange rate, and imports of raw material | Sub-Saharan Africa; annual data (1980–2005); panel-fixed effect and random effect | REER stimulates exports |
| Njong, 2008 [51] | Real exports, real GDP, REER, import over total international trade, export over total international trade, lag exports, and lag FDI stock | Cameroon; annual data (1980–2003); AR (p) | FDI and REER significantly influence exports |
| Wong, 2008 [52] | GDP per capita, exports, private consumption, government consumption, and investment | ASEAN 5; annual data (1960–1996); error correction, Granger causality | (i) A long-run relationship exists between variables
(ii) Bidirectional Granger causality between exports and GDP; private consumption and GDP per capita |
| Mortaza and Narayan, 2007 [53] | FDI inflows, import and export over GDP, M2/GDP, literacy rate, and domestic investment and inflation | Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal; annual data (1980–2004); VAR, panel-fixed effect, and random effect | Unidirectional relationship between FDI, trade liberalization and economic growth for Bangladesh and Pakistan |
| F. S. T. Hsiao and M. C. W. Hsiao, 2006 [20] | Real FDI inflows, real GDP per capita, and real exports | China, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines; annual data (1986–2004); panel VAR | Bidirectional causality between exports and GDP |
| Sahoo, 2006 [35] | FDI, world income growth, infrastructure index, domestic demand, exports, REER, and GDP growth | Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal; annual data (1975–2003); panel-fixed effect | FDI positively influences exports |
| Arize, 1995 [21] | Log real exports, log REER, and log real foreign income | USA; monthly data (1971 : 2–1991 : 3); error correction, ARCH, and linear moment | (i) A long-run equilibrium relationship exists.
(ii) Exchange rates and exports are negatively associated
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