Productivity of Nations: A Stochastic Frontier Approach to TFP Decomposition

Table 2

Rankings: technical efficiency, returns to scale, and technical progress.

Rank	Technical efficiency (US$, PPP)*		Technical efficiency (US$)*		Hall and Jones [7]		Islam [6]		Returns to scale*		Technical progress*
1	NIC	0,975	USA	0,955	SYR	1,256	HKG	1,537	IND	1,148	JPN	0,79%
2	VEN	0,974	JPN	0,899	JOR	1,181	CAN	1,041	IDN	1,108	USA	0,44%
3	CAN	0,971	CHE	0,872	MEX	1,143	USA	1,000	USA	1,107	GER	0,27%
4	SLV	0,970	GBR	0,820	ITA	1,093	NOR	0,861	PAK	1,101	FRA	−0,11%
5	MEX	0,968	ISR	0,811	HKG	1,090	BEL	0,787	BRA	1,098	CHE	−0,31%
6	TUR	0,958	SWE	0,778	FRA	1,029	ESP	0,787	JPN	1,087	ITA	−0,34%
7	USA	0,955	CAN	0,770	BRA	1,002	FRA	0,787	MEX	1,085	GBR	−0,55%
8	ZAF	0,939	HKG	0,763	USA	1,000	JPN	0,787	PHL	1,081	NLD	−0,66%
9	CHL	0,932	DNK	0,761	CAN	0,987	DNK	0,748	EGY	1,078	AUS	−0,72%
10	IRN	0,929	NOR	0,740	ESP	0,983	GBR	0,712	TUR	1,077	AUT	−0,76%
11	GTM	0,928	ISL	0,740	PRT	0,980	NLD	0,712	IRN	1,076	CAN	−0,76%
12	TTO	0,924	SYR	0,723	GBR	0,962	SWE	0,712	THA	1,075	ESP	−0,79%
13	HKG	0,890	FIN	0,722	AUT	0,958	AUT	0,677	GER	1,075	NOR	−0,79%
14	TUN	0,883	IRL	0,717	BEL	0,948	GER	0,677	GBR	1,071	SWE	−0,82%
15	CRI	0,882	FRA	0,685	NLD	0,926	CHE	0,619	ITA	1,070	DNK	−0,83%
16	ISR	0,877	BEL	0,682	SWE	0,911	ISR	0,619	FRA	1,070	BEL	−0,89%
17	ZWE	0,867	VEN	0,672	GER	0,900	TTO	0,619	KOR	1,066	KOR	−1,13%
18	ECU	0,865	NLD	0,665	AUS	0,898	AUS	0,589	ZAF	1,066	FIN	−1,14%
19	LKA	0,858	AUT	0,656	CHE	0,873	ITA	0,589	COL	1,064	HKG	−1,28%
20	MYS	0,851	GER	0,643	VEN	0,873	NZL	0,589	ESP	1,062	NZL	−1,55%
21	COL	0,849	ITA	0,631	ISR	0,840	VEN	0,533	KEN	1,061	GRC	−1,61%
22	PRY	0,848	CRI	0,625	TTO	0,834	FIN	0,507	ARG	1,060	BRA	−1,62%
23	GBR	0,833	IRN	0,615	GTM	0,825	MEX	0,487	MAR	1,059	ARG	−1,68%
24	EGY	0,832	MEX	0,588	COL	0,800	SYR	0,463	NPL	1,056	PRT	−1,69%
25	URY	0,831	AUS	0,587	FIN	0,800	BRA	0,419	UGA	1,056	ISR	−1,83%
26	SEN	0,829	ESP	0,583	NOR	0,780	CRI	0,383	CAN	1,055	IRL	−1,89%
27	JOR	0,816	GRC	0,558	DNK	0,778	GRC	0,383	PER	1,053	MEX	−2,00%
28	PHL	0,816	JAM	0,558	IRL	0,770	IRL	0,383	VEN	1,051	MYS	−2,38%
29	GRC	0,809	ARG	0,511	TUN	0,762	KOR	0,383	GHA	1,051	ISL	−2,39%
30	NPL	0,800	URY	0,486	NZL	0,754	MYS	0,383	MYS	1,050	THA	−2,42%
31	PAN	0,796	PRT	0,480	TUR	0,751	URY	0,383	LKA	1,049	ZAF	−2,62%
32	ESP	0,790	NZL	0,466	JPN	0,744	ZAF	0,383	AUS	1,042	TUR	−2,64%
33	AUS	0,788	KOR	0,448	GRC	0,742	PRT	0,347	SYR	1,041	VEN	−2,69%
34	ARG	0,778	SLV	0,443	CRI	0,736	PER	0,330	CHL	1,041	CHL	−2,80%
35	PER	0,776	CHL	0,416	ARG	0,730	PRY	0,330	ZWE	1,039	IRN	−2,80%
36	ITA	0,776	PAN	0,415	URY	0,696	GTM	0,314	ECU	1,038	PER	−2,92%
37	IRL	0,774	TTO	0,404	KOR	0,664	MAR	0,314	NLD	1,038	COL	−2,95%
38	PRT	0,773	TUR	0,386	DOM	0,651	NIC	0,301	GTM	1,037	SYR	−3,01%
39	MAR	0,772	GAB	0,371	ZAF	0,645	COL	0,287	MWI	1,036	IDN	−3,16%
40	DOM	0,768	GTM	0,358	EGY	0,595	PAN	0,287	RWA	1,032	GAB	−3,21%
41	BEL	0,764	MYS	0,348	MAR	0,576	TUN	0,273	SEN	1,032	URY	−3,29%
42	FRA	0,755	ZAF	0,345	PER	0,565	TUR	0,273	TUN	1,030	PHL	−3,36%
43	FIN	0,752	BRA	0,339	MYS	0,560	ARG	0,259	TCD	1,030	IND	−3,51%
44	IDN	0,752	PER	0,337	SLV	0,557	JOR	0,259	GRC	1,029	TUN	−3,52%
45	BRA	0,750	JOR	0,325	PRY	0,541	SLV	0,247	PRT	1,029	EGY	−3,58%
46	HND	0,745	DOM	0,319	PAK	0,527	THA	0,247	BOL	1,028	TTO	−3,62%
47	BOL	0,744	HND	0,318	CHL	0,522	ECU	0,237	DOM	1,028	PAN	−3,71%
48	SWE	0,742	EGY	0,286	THA	0,513	CHL	0,225	BEL	1,028	MAR	−3,71%
49	NLD	0,738	COL	0,281	ECU	0,504	DOM	0,214	SWE	1,023	CRI	−3,73%
50	CHE	0,738	BOL	0,252	LKA	0,481	PAK	0,194	HND	1,022	JAM	−3,80%
51	RWA	0,737	TUN	0,252	BOL	0,469	PHL	0,186	AUT	1,021	ECU	−3,95%
52	PAK	0,734	ECU	0,250	PAN	0,463	BOL	0,169	SLV	1,020	DOM	−4,02%
53	TCD	0,722	PRY	0,242	HND	0,449	JAM	0,169	HKG	1,018	PRY	−4,10%
54	GAB	0,720	NIC	0,237	NIC	0,443	EGY	0,153	CHE	1,017	JOR	−4,25%
55	DNK	0,713	SEN	0,226	JAM	0,410	LKA	0,153	NIC	1,017	SLV	−4,29%
56	LSO	0,708	LSO	0,210	PHL	0,389	HND	0,126	PRY	1,016	GTM	−4,39%
57	NZL	0,703	MAR	0,209	IND	0,344	NPL	0,120	ISR	1,015	LKA	−4,48%
58	AUT	0,700	PHL	0,203	SEN	0,316	SEN	0,110	JOR	1,014	PAK	−4,53%
60	KOR	0,692	LKA	0,188	ZWE	0,275	UGA	0,104	DNK	1,010	BOL	−4,58%
61	JAM	0,678	ZWE	0,185	NPL	0,244	ZWE	0,104	FIN	1,010	HND	−4,90%
62	GER	0,677	THA	0,176	RWA	0,242	IND	0,071	CRI	1,006	ZWE	−4,90%
63	NOR	0,659	KEN	0,161	KEN	0,237	KEN	0,071	NOR	1,006	LSO	−5,19%
64	ISL	0,654	RWA	0,159	GHA	0,215	RWA	0,065	IRL	1,004	NIC	−5,24%
65	IND	0,640	UGA	0,158	UGA	0,162	MWI	0,058	URY	1,004	KEN	−5,32%
66	GHA	0,637	PAK	0,146	TCD	0,151	GHA	0,053	NZL	1,003	GHA	−5,49%
67	UGA	0,635	TCD	0,138	MWI	0,130	TCD	0,042	PAN	1,000	SEN	−5,50%
68	SYR	0,632	IDN	0,136					JAM	0,998	NPL	−5,94%
69	JPN	0,621	GHA	0,119					LSO	0,994	MWI	−6,10%
70	KEN	0,611	NPL	0,118					TTO	0,981	UGA	−6,19%
71	THA	0,595	IND	0,109					GAB	0,975	RWA	−6,43%
72	MWI	0,502	MWI	0,102					ISL	0,939	TCD	−6,56%

Source: Islam [20], Table  11.3 page 485–488], and own estimations. Hall and Jones indexes depicted here are equal to exp (log 𝐴), in Table  9 of Hall and Jones (1996) [7].
(*) Annual average rates 1996–2000. Three countries were left out due to lack of information for this subperiod.