Ethnic Disparities in the Graduate Labour Market

Table 4

Decomposition estimates of ethnic wage differentials, men.

	Dutch-Mediterranean		Dutch-Caribbean		Dutch-Western
	Coef.	𝑧	Coef.	𝑧	Coef.	𝑧
Total difference	−0.036	−2.79	0.019	1.57	0.017	2.16
explained
Age	−0.349	−13.47	−0.224	−9.46	−0.121	−8.68
Age-squared	0.312	13.02	0.203	9.35	0.109	8.62
Years of education-HBO	0.001	1.26	0.001	1.34	−0.001	−0.92
Years of education-WO	−0.010	−4.26	−0.004	−2.36	0.007	4.18
Started in WO	0.011	5.37	0.005	2.98	−0.007	−5.17
Switched from HBO to WO-graduated	0.002	1.49	0.001	0.67	−0.002	−3.10
Switched from HBO to WO-dropout	0.000	−0.78	0.000	−0.64	0.000	−0.98
Years experience during study-HBO	−0.013	−4.57	−0.018	−6.06	0.004	2.33
Years experience during study-WO	0.009	4.88	0.001	0.41	−0.006	−5.10
Years since graduation-HBO	0.080	6.2	0.113	10.09	0.107	13.76
Years since graduation-HBO-squared	−0.035	−6.26	−0.050	−10.23	−0.045	−13.09
Years since graduation-WO	0.041	5.62	0.055	10.47	0.004	0.91
Years since graduation-WO-squared	−0.013	−3.65	−0.021	−9.22	−0.002	−1.01
Years experience during interruption	0.000	0.19	0.003	1.69	0.001	1.30
Years experience after dropping out-HBO	−0.025	−4.33	−0.016	−3.66	−0.013	−4.01
Years experience after dropping out-WO	0.001	0.93	0.001	0.85	−0.004	−2.50
Drop-out	−0.039	−7.39	−0.027	−5.81	−0.022	−7.47
Years since dropout-HBO	0.002	0.36	0.001	0.37	0.002	1.02
Years since dropout-WO	0.000	−0.22	0.000	−0.10	0.000	0.07
Graduated at HBO level	0.004	4.29	0.006	5.28	0.006	5.83
Graduated at WO level	0.002	2.66	0.002	2.63	0.000	0.68
Educational studies	0.001	1.33	0.001	2.96	0.001	2.59
Humanities	0.000	−0.53	0.000	−0.32	0.000	1.07
Economics and law	−0.013	−6.4	−0.008	−4.81	0.000	−0.26
Natural sciences	0.002	2.14	0.000	0.26	0.001	1.80
Health	0.002	2.33	0.002	3.14	0.000	−0.79
Social services	−0.001	−1.33	0.000	−0.79	0.000	−0.37
Cohabiting	0.001	2.83	0.005	7.89	0.003	7.38
Total explained	−0.027	−4.23	0.033	5.21	0.021	5.13
unexplained
Age	1.610	1.06	2.252	1.57	0.285	0.29
Age-squared	−0.887	−1.19	−0.935	−1.34	−0.104	−0.21
Years of education-HBO	−0.022	−0.52	0.003	0.06	−0.039	−1.56
Years of education-WO	0.002	0.08	0.012	0.43	−0.028	−1.42
Started in WO	−0.012	−0.71	0.011	0.64	0.023	1.53
Switched from HBO to WO-graduated	0.000	−0.11	−0.001	−0.24	0.001	0.27
Switched from HBO to WO-dropout	0.001	0.83	0.000	0.30	0.000	−0.20
Years experience during study-HBO	0.018	0.93	−0.011	−0.55	0.025	2.15
Years experience during study-WO	0.004	0.29	−0.026	−1.61	0.006	0.59
Years since graduation-HBO	0.034	1.05	0.038	1.52	−0.008	−0.41
Years since graduation-HBO-squared	−0.013	−0.74	−0.025	−1.83	0.007	0.65
Years since graduation-WO	0.022	1.94	0.001	0.13	−0.004	−0.39
Years since graduation-WO-squared	−0.012	−1.93	−0.005	−1.20	0.003	0.57
Years experience during interruption	−0.002	−1.03	0.000	0.22	0.000	−0.37
Years experience after dropping out-HBO	0.038	1.01	−0.004	−0.14	−0.051	−1.51
Years experience after dropping out-WO	−0.019	−1.2	−0.002	−0.37	0.003	0.44
Drop-out	0.010	0.81	0.013	1.22	0.007	1.00
Years since dropout-HBO	−0.015	−0.39	−0.007	−0.23	0.056	1.61
Years since dropout-WO	0.023	1.40	0.000	0.03	−0.003	−0.57
Graduated at HBO level	0.009	0.48	0.000	0.01	0.011	1.12
Graduated at WO level	−0.004	−0.67	0.002	0.34	0.003	0.47
Educational studies	−0.002	−0.45	0.000	0.03	0.001	0.54
Humanities	0.000	−0.04	−0.002	−0.86	0.005	1.58
Economics and law	−0.009	−0.27	0.004	0.14	0.013	1.13
Natural sciences	−0.001	−0.04	−0.004	−0.18	0.010	0.99
Health	0.005	0.75	−0.001	−0.15	0.007	1.50
Social services	−0.006	−1.23	−0.003	−1.09	0.003	1.65
Cohabiting	0.000	0.04	−0.004	−0.49	−0.005	−0.67
Constant	−0.781	−1.00	−1.320	−1.81	−0.229	−0.45
Total unexplained	−0.009	−0.76	−0.014	−1.34	−0.003	−0.47

Note that the coefficient is significant at 5% if z > 1.96 and significant at 1% if z > 2.575. Significant coefficients are in bold.