Permissiveness toward Illegal Actions in Uruguay: Has This Attitude Changed in Time?

Table 4

Determinants of permissiveness in 1996.

	Probit models				Linear Regression
	1	2	3	4	Willingness to justify
	Claiming government benefits to which you are not entitled	Avoiding a fare on public transport	Cheating on taxes if you have a chance	Someone accepting a bribe in the course of their duties
Probability of being permissive	3.61%	6.81%	3.60%	1.51%
Man	0.007	−0.014	0.009	0.002	−0.014
	(0.014)	(0.018)	(0.014)	(0.009)	(0.068)
Age	−0.001**	−0.002***	−0.001	−0.002***	−0.008***
	(0.000)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.000)	(0.003)
Incomplete secondary	0.002	−0.014	0.008	0.021	0.065
	(0.018)	(0.022)	(0.020)	(0.020)	(0.124)
Complete secondary	−0.024*	−0.036*	−0.017	−0.011	−0.144
	(0.013)	(0.020)	(0.016)	(0.010)	(0.102)
University	−0.023	−0.047**	−0.004	−0.030**	−0.140***
	(0.016)	(0.020)	(0.021)	(0.012)	(0.038)
Single	0.099**	0.010	0.053	0.040	0.246
	(0.057)	(0.034)	(0.045)	(0.042)	(0.156)
Married	−0.013	−0.042**	−0.006	0.003	−0.109
	(0.016)	(0.022)	(0.016)	(0.011)	(0.077)
No children	−0.037**	0.003	−0.022	−0.008	−0.070
	(0.015)	(0.029)	(0.019)	(0.013)	(0.102)
One child	−0.001	0.003	0.027	−0.002	0.068
	(0.017)	(0.024)	(0.022)	(0.012)	(0.092)
Attendance	−0.019	−0.016	−0.024*	−0.025*	−0.205**
	(0.014)	(0.024)	(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.082)
God	−0.004*	−0.006*	0.003	−0.001	0.003
	(0.002)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.011)
Unemployed	−0.022	−0.002	−0.003	0.006	0.074
	(0.014)	(0.035)	(0.022)	(0.020)	(0.188)
Full time	−0.019	0.002	−0.016	−0.005	−0.061
	(0.013)	(0.035)	(0.013)	(0.009)	(0.078)
Income	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.000	0.004
	(0.003)	(0.004)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.016)
Patriotism	−0.008	−0.011	−0.017**	−0.004**	−0.125*
	(0.010)	(0.013)	(0.009)	(0.007)	(0.057)
Centre	0.003	0.007	0.011	−0.004	−0.030
	(0.015)	(0.019)	(0.015)	(0.009)	(0.086)
Right	−0.010	−0.039**	−0.026*	−0.010*	−0.201*
	(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.014)	(0.009)	(0.080)
Montevideo	−0.007	0.012	0.004	−0.011	0.060
	(0.013)	(0.018)	(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.066)
Observations	884	884	884	884	884
Pseudo R-squared	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.08
R-squared					0.08

Notes: (1) robust standard errors in parentheses.
(2) *significant at 10%; **significant at 5%; ***significant at 1%.