Economics Research International / 2013 / Article / Tab 2 / Research Article
The Short-Run and Long-Run Relationships between Mortality and the Business Cycle in Canada Table 2 Error correction model (
2 ). Total death rate.
Without dummy variable With dummy variable Coefficient Standard error
-statisticCoefficient Standard error
-statisticShort-run results Constant 1.488 0.553 2.689 1.873 0.601 3.117
U
−0.045 0.026 −3.281 −0.085 0.025 −3.323
rGDPp
−1.746
−2.061
rHEp
−0.273
−0.612 D
(
) −0.188 0.055 −3.398 −0.238 0.065 −3.742 U
(
) −0.010 0.012 −0.8649 −0.003 0.014 −0.196 rGDPp
(
)
1.518
0.374 rHEp
(
)
0.001 −0.226
−0.782 Dummy 0.011 0.007 1.529 AIC = −1.416
-square = 0.403AIC = −1.4297
-square = 0.432 SSR = 0.584
-statistic = 4.530SSR = 0.5557
-statistic = 4.369 DW = 2.660 LM
-stat = 3.705 DW = 2.583 LM
-stat = 3.094 Long-run results U
(
) −0.054 0.064 −0.836 −0.0105 0.053 −0.199 rGDPp
(
)
1.385
0.372 rHEp
(
)
−0.188
−0.763
Note: in Tables 2 through 6, columns 1 to 3 show results without dummy, while results in columns 4 to 6 show results including the dummy allowing for a structural break. All standard errors for the long-run estimates are approximated using the Delta Method.