]>Rosiglitazone Prevents High Glucose-Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Collagen IV Expression in Cultured Mesangial Cells : Figure 1
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Figure 1: Effect of high glucose on PPAR 𝛾 expression. Rat glomerular mesangial cells were cultured in 5.6 mM (NG) or 25 mM D-glucose (HG), or 5.6 mM D-glucose + 24.4 mM L-glucose (LG) for up to 48 hours. (a) PPAR 𝛾 was detected by immunobloting in total cell lysates, using 𝛽 -actin as the loading controls. The graphs represent PPAR 𝛾 protein levels relative to NG. (b) PPAR 𝛾 mRNA levels were determined by real-time RT-PCR. ( 𝑛 = 4 - 6 , ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 5 versus NG; ∗ ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 1 versus NG). (c) Preincubated with 10  𝜇 M rosiglitazone (RSG) or/and 10  𝜇 M GW9662, the protein expression of PPAR 𝛾 was not affected by RSG or GW6992 in HG ( 𝑛 = 5 , ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 5 versus NG). Mesangial cells were transiently transfected with a luciferase reporter gene containing three PPAR response elements and then cultured in the above conditions. (d) Luciferase reporter activity was reduced in HG ( 𝑛 = 5 , ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 5 versus NG, ∗ ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 1 versus NG). (e) In NG, PPAR 𝛾 promoter activity increased in dose response to RSG ( 𝑛 = 4 , ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 1 versus NG). (f) GW6992 blocked the effect of RSG ( 𝑛 = 4 - 6 , ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 1 versus NG alone, ∗ ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 5 versus NG or HG alone, ∗ ∗ ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 5 versus NG or HG with RSG).