Table 5: Multiple regression predicting posttest performance on “developing and evaluating solutions” (scale 2) by prior knowledge and treatment condition.

B SE Step  1        Prior knowledge (pretest scores) 0.53 0.06 .44*** Step  2        Prior knowledge (pretest scores) 0.51 0.06 .42***  Contrast 1 (control versus COOP and COOP+META) 0.66 0.12 .26*** Step  3        Prior knowledge (pretest scores) 0.49 0.06 .41***  Contrast 1 (control versus COOP and COOP+META) 0.67 0.12 .27***  Contrast 2 (COOP versus COOP+META) −0.44 0.20 −.10*

Note: = .19 for step 1, = .07 for step 2, = .01 for step 3. *P < .05, ***P < .001.