| | Study group () | Control group () | value |
| Mean age (years) (SD, range) | 45.1 (21.2, 20–98) | 46.9 (15.7, 17–81) | 0.673 | Male gender | 19 | 38 | 1.000 | Mechanism of trauma | | | 0.001 | Motor vehicle collision | 23 | 26 | Fall | 0 | 18 | Others | 3 | 8 | Presence of underlying cardiac disease | 4 | 2 | 0.091 | Mean length of stay (days) (mean, SD, range) | 25.1 (21.9, 0–84) | 12.5 (10.9, 0–43) | 0.001 | Mean abbreviated injury scales (SD, range) | | | | Head | 1.62 (1.9, 0–5) | 1.81 (2.0, 0–5) | 0.689 | Chest | 4.31 (0.5, 4-5) | 4.17 (0.5, 3–5) | 0.247 | Extremity | 2.04 (1.2, 0–3) | 1.83 (1.2, 0–4) | 0.469 | Face | 0.50 (0.8, 0–2) | 0.37 (0.7, 0–2) | 0.463 | Abdomen | 1.62 (1.6, 0–5) | 1.29 (1.5, 0–4) | 0.373 | External | 0.73 (0.5, 0–2) | 0.67 (0.5, 0–2) | 0.619 | Mean injury severity score (SD, range) | 34.42 (11.1, 17–57) | 32.60 (11.1, 16–59) | 0.497 |
| Treatment of TAI | | N/A | | Surgery | 12 | | Endovascular | 12 | | Medical | 2 | |
| Outcome | | | 0.326 | Survive | 23 | 50 | Died within 24 hours of arrival | 2 | 2 | Died within one month | 1 | 0 |
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