Thorax, Trachea, and Lung Ultrasonography in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine: Assessment of an Objective Structured Training Concept

Figure 1

(a) Representative training station with ultrasound phantom. (b)–(g) B-mode sonograms of ultrasound dummies filled with various components to mimic characteristic findings and artifacts of ultrasound examination of the chest. (b) Liquid filled dummy simulates pleural line and PLE. Note the presence of a needle artifact (long axis); (c) dummy filled with air to mimic reverberation artifacts typically found in PTX, (d) dummy filled with rice grains and starch to mimic partly consolidated hemothorax or fibrinous structures, (e) olive as substitute for soft but solid tissue, (f) jelly babies, and (g) a wooden tiger duck for identification of target objects.