Research Article

Thorax, Trachea, and Lung Ultrasonography in Emergency and Critical Care Medicine: Assessment of an Objective Structured Training Concept

Table 2

Stations and learning targets of hands-on training (HOT) stations.

Station no.
HOT-1/HOT-2
Training:
station topic
Model/patient and positionContent/learning issueScan mode B/M

1
(HOT-1)
Thorax Model, sittingThorax, ribs, bone, cartilage, and sternumB
2
(HOT-1)
PleuraModel, supineLung sliding, B-linesB
3
(HOT-1)
Differential diagnosisModel, supineLung, lateral and posterior axillary lines, liver, spleenB
4
(HOT-1)
Ultrasound phantomTraining on gel-embedded artifacts in rubber balloon US-phantomsB
5
(HOT-1/2)
TracheaModel, supineTrachea, central and subcutaneous vessels, cricoid cartilage, and thyroid glandB
6
(HOT-1/2)
“Virtual” stationLaptop, screen12 pictures divided in HOT-1 and HOT-2 with or without pathologies, explained by instructor
7
(HOT-1/2)
US sequenceDummy and model, supineTraining of sequence on manikins (HOT-1) and models (HOT-2)B
8
(HOT-2)
Advanced lung- and pleural USModel, supineApnea, “lung pulse” and “seashore” signB/M
9
(HOT-2)
Advanced lung USPatient sitting/supineTraining with patient and pathology (atelectasis, PLE, or PTX)B/M
10
(HOT-2)
US sequencePatient, supineTraining of algorithm and sequence with patient and pathology (atelectasis, PLE, or PTX)B/M
11
(HOT-2)
Puncture phantomPleural effusion, puncture gel phantom B