Review Article
Pharmacological Management of Esophageal Food Bolus Impaction
Box 2
Esophageal Motility Disorders (EMD).
Primary EMD | (i) Achalasia | (ii) Diffuse esophageal spasm | (iii) Gastroesophageal reflux | Secondary EMD | (i) Pseudoachalasia | (ii) Chagas' disease | (iii) Scleroderma esophagus | (iv) Parkinson's disease | (v) Infiltrative disorders | Manometric Variants, Not EMD | (i) Nutcracker esophagus | (ii) Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter | (iii) Ineffective esophageal motility |
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