Use of the SONET Score to Evaluate High Volume Emergency Department Overcrowding: A Prospective Derivation and Validation Study

Table 8

Comparison of the average length of stay in patients with ESI-3 and ESI-4 under different ED overcrowding statuses by the SONET and NEDOCS in the validation study.

ED crowding status	SONET		NEDOCS
	ESI-3	ESI-4	ESI-3	ESI-4
Not overcrowded (min, ); Mean (SD)	286 (161), 2365	157 (106), 1158	286 (161), 2233	158 (108), 1094
Overcrowded (min, ); Mean (SD)	302 (235), 176; (1.000)	164 (133), 88; (1.000)	304 (208), 283; (0.498)	159 (114), 135; (1.000)
Severely overcrowded (min, ); Mean (SD)	366 (203), 10; (1.000)	175 (88), 3; (1.000)	287 (199), 35; (1.000)	133 (80), 20; (1.000)

BUMC: Baylor University Medical Center; ESI: emergency severity index; Mean: the average of length of stay in minutes; SD: standard deviation; : the number of patients. value of the comparison between two groups of patients under the different ED crowding conditions estimated by the same tool (not overcrowded versus overcrowded). value of the comparison between two groups of patients under the different ED crowding conditions estimated by the same tool (overcrowded versus severely overcrowded).