A Sustainable Ambulance Operation Model in a Low-Resource Country (the Democratic Republic of Congo)

Table 3

The estimated costs for emergency ambulance services (Units: frequency, USD).

Item	Group	N	Mean	SD	F- or χ^2	p-value
Field-to-hospital ambulance service	Patients	19	26.63	20.13	21.537	0.001^××
	Policemen	20	37.00	33.73
	Hospital staff	63	60.40	31.00
	Ambulance personnel	30	54.50	27.05
Hospital-to-hospital ambulance service	Patients	19	31.53	24.80	34.703	0.001^××
	Policemen	20	49.50	25.64
	Hospital staff	63	76.83	23.27
	Ambulance personnel	31	66.61	32.80
Home-visiting medical service	Patients	19	5.32	2.96	73.213	0.001^××
	Policemen	20	35.10	32.95
	Hospital staff	63	60.63	12.30
	Ambulance personnel	31	86.77	21.66

<0.05, ^××p<0.001.
Data are frequency (rate) and the mean± S.D. P values are for Χ², t test as appropriate.