Use High-Flow Nasal Cannula for Acute Respiratory Failure Patients in the Emergency Department: A Meta-Analysis Study

Table 1

The basic characteristics of the included studies.

Study, year	Design	Setting	Age, years	Cause of ARF	Sample size			Duration of therapy
					HFNC	COT	NIV
Bell et al. [24]	RCT	ED	73.7 ± 17.5	COPD, respiratory tract infection, cardiac related, pulmonary embolism, asthma	48	52	—	2 h
Rittayamai et al. [25]	RCT	ED	64.6 ± 15.1	CHF, pneumonia, asthma, COPD, others	20	20	—	1 h
Jones et al. [26]	RCT	ED	73.5 ± 16.2	COPD, pneumonia, asthma, others	165	138	—	5 h
Makdee et al. [27]	RCT	ED	70 ± 15	Cardiogenic pulmonary edema	63	65	—	2.9 h (0.2–9.3 h)
Doshi et al. [28]	RCT	ED	63.4 ± 14	COPD, CHF, pneumonia, asthma	104	—	100	72 h

RCT, randomized controlled trial; ED, emergency department; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; h, hours. Mean ± standard deviation (SD).