Review Article
Enzymatic Strategies to Detoxify Gluten: Implications for Celiac Disease
Table 1
Potential enzyme therapies for celiac disease.
| Target for detoxification | Detoxifying agent | Mechanism of action | Status of research |
| Ingested gliadin peptides | Prolyl endopeptidases from: | Hydrolysis of proline-rich peptides of gliadin | Preclinical | S. capsulate [49] | F. meningosepticum [50] | M. xanthus [51] | Prolyl endopeptidases from: A. niger [52] | Clinical trial | Prolyl endopeptidases from: S. capsulate in combination with a glutamine-specific endoprotease (EP)-B2 from germinating barley [53] | Clinical trial |
| Flour | Sourdough lactobacilli-derived peptidases [56] | Hydrolysis of proline-rich peptides of gliadin | Clinical trial | Sourdough lactobacilli-derived peptidases in combination with fungal proteases [64] | Clinical trial |
| Flour | Transglutaminase enzymes [67] | Transamidation of gliadin peptides with lysine methyl ester | Preclinical |
| Mucosal tTG | Irreversible thiol-reactive reagents, competitive peptidic, and nonpeptidic substrates [69] | unspecific or specific tTG inhibition | Preclinical |
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