Enzyme-Catalyzed Oxidation of 17β-Estradiol Using Immobilized Laccase from Trametes versicolor

Table 1

Summary of characteristics of the packed bed reactor system with a porosity (𝑛) of 0.68 as determined using tracer studies at each of the influent flow rates used in all immobilized-enzyme experiments. Characteristics include empty bed contact time (EBCT), ideal contact time assuming plug flow conditions (CT), mean residence time (𝑡_res) and variance (𝜎²), and time to 95% equilibrium (𝑡_95%). Also included is a measure of the disparity between mean residence time and ideal PFR contact time for different flow rates, as expressed by the ratio of 𝑡_res/CT.

Influent flow rate (mL/min)	EBCT (min)	CT (min)	𝑡res (min)	𝜎^2 (min^2)	Ratio 𝑡res/CT (dimensionless)	𝑡95%(min)
0.2	73.5	50.0	650	103 000	13.0	1400
1.0	14.7	10.0	53	730	5.2	160
2.0	7.3	5.0	24	110	4.7	65
4.0	3.7	2.5	9.8	28	3.9	19
8.0	1.8	1.2	4.8	8.3	3.9	11