Genetic Polymorphisms of Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Alcohol Use and Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Men
Table 1
Characteristics of the study subjects by glucose tolerance status.
Characteristics
Normal glucose tolerance
Prediabetic condition*
Type 2 diabetes
P-value†
(n = 1520)
(n = 553)
(n = 235)
Age, mean (SD)
52.4 (0.9)
52.4 (0.9)
52.4 (0.9)
.91
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)
23.5 (2.4)
24.5 (2.7)
24.4 (3.0)
.0001
Cigarette-years, median (IQR)
450 (0–660)
440 (0–660)
460 (100–680)
.44
Alcohol use, N (%)
.004
Never
238 (15.6)
60 (10.8)
21 (9.0)
Former
42 (2.8)
11 (2.0)
9 (3.8)
Current
1240 (81.6)
482 (87.2)
205 (87.2)
Alcohol (ml/day), median (IQR)‡
43 (24–68)
47 (26–71)
43 (23–68)
.15
Coffee (cups/day), median (IQR)
2 (0–4)
1 (0–3)
2 (0–3)
.0001
MET-hours/week, median (IQR)
14 (4–25)
12 (4–24)
16 (4–28)
.10
Parental diabetes mellitus, N (%)
108 (7.1)
47 (8.5)
41 (17.5)
.0001
ADH1B genotype, N (%)§
.99
His/His
851 (56.5)
310 (56.5)
131 (56.5)
His/Arg
558 (37.1)
204 (37.1)
88 (37.9)
Arg/Arg
97 (6.4)
35 (6.4)
13 (5.6)
ALDH2 genotype, N (%)¶
.0001
Glu/Glu
871 (57.4)
368 (66.7)
172 (73.2)
Glu/Lys
553 (36.5)
161 (29.1)
61 (26.0)
Lys/Lys
92 (6.1)
23 (4.2)
2 (0.8)
BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation. Impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance were combined. Based on chi-squared test for proportion, analysis of variance for means, and Kruskal-Wallis test for medians. Among current alcohol drinkers. Genotype was not determined for 21 men. Genotype was not determined for 5 men.
