Behavioural Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases among Nepalese Urban Poor: A Descriptive Study from a Slum Area of Kathmandu

Table 5

Prevalence (%) of overweight and obesity, increased waist circumference, and increased waist hip ratio according to demographic variables (𝑛=689). Increased waist circumference is waist measurements of ≥80 cm for females and ≥90 cm for males; increased waist hip ratio is ≥0.85 for females and ≥0.90 for males. Income status data is only for 391 persons who disclosed their financial information.

	Body mass index				Increased waist circumference		Increased waist hip ratio
	Overweight  (25–29.9 kg/m^2)		Obesity  (≥30 kg/m^2)
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Age (years)
15–24	8.0	9.4	5.3	0.9	10.7	17.1	49.3	54.7
25–34	28.6	28.4	0.0	3.7	14.3	45.9	50.0	59.6
35–44	37.7	25.3	11.5	8.0	32.8	51.7	63.9	71.3
45–54	31.2	24.5	8.3	9.4	27.1	56.6	60.4	69.8
55–64	17.2	26.1	3.4	4.3	37.9	43.5	58.6	34.8
≥65	28.6	17.6	7.1	5.9	35.7	52.9	71.4	52.9
Ethnicity
Hill Dalit	21.2	16.9	6.1	3.0	18.2	40.9	39.4	48.5
Disadvantaged Janajatis (Hill)	26.5	23.6	6.2	4.3	21.2	43.2	58.4	65.9
Relatively advantaged Janajatis	32.4	30.8	8.8	13.3	29.4	43.3	70.6	60.0
Upper caste groups	20.2	25.3	4.5	4.5	23.6	34.8	53.9	58.9
Others	21.4	36.4	7.1	0	28.6	38.5	64.3	53.8
Highest education
No formal education	21.1	25.8	9.9	6.2	26.8	49.8	59.2	60.8
Less than primary	37.0	21.1	7.4	0	18.5	47.4	59.3	57.9
Primary completed	22.0	27.7	4.6	5.7	16.5	31.1	54.1	62.3
Secondary completed	15.5	12.5	3.4	0	22.4	29.1	56.9	56.4
High school or more	61.1	17.6	5.6	0	55.6	11.8	55.6	58.8
Occupation
Employed (government/nongovernment)	29.3	25.9	5.2	6.2	27.6	34.4	53.4	59.4
Self-employed	28.5	21.6	8.0	7.3	23.4	38.5	60.6	56.9
Student	—	6.1	0	0	9.5	10.5	33.3	50.0
Housewife	—	29.5	—	3.1	—	50.9	—	68.6
Unemployed (able to work)	22.7	23.1	6.8	6.7	29.5	37.8	59.1	53.3
Others	15.8	22.2	0	4.3	10.5	39.1	52.6	52.2
Migration
<1	14.3	17.1	3.6	0	17.9	26.3	25.0	50.0
1–5	25.6	25.6	9.3	8.5	23.3	41.5	72.1	61.0
5–10	28.6	21.4	5.1	5.7	21.4	38.8	58.2	63.3
>10	22.8	25.4	6.1	3.2	25.4	44.9	57.0	59.9
Income status (NRs)
1st quartile (≤5000)	31.3	19.0	2.1	6.3	20.8	43.0	68.8	60.8
2nd quartile (5001–7000)	29.0	33.3	6.5	13.3	27.6	39.4	65.5	66.7
3rd quartile (7001–10000)	38.8	26.3	10.2	0.0	28.9	53.8	62.2	76.9
4th quartile (≥10000)	32.8	33.3	8.6	8.3	29.3	43.5	60.3	65.2
Total	26.0	23.9	6.4	5.3	25.8	45.1	63.5	67.3

NRs: Nepalese rupees.