Percentage of Deaths Attributable to Poor Cardiovascular Health Lifestyle Factors: Findings from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study

Table 3

Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted PAF for each 5-year time interval^a using the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, 1987–2003.

	Unadjusted model						Multivariate-adjusted model^c
	PAF5	95% CI	PAF10	95% CI	PAF15	95% CI	PAF5	95% CI	PAF10	95% CI	PAF15	95% CI
Individual factor ^b
Smoking	5%	0.1%, 10%	5%	0.1%, 10%	5%	0.2%, 10%	6%	1%, 11%	6%	1%, 11%	6%	1%%, 11%
BMI	9%	−5%, 20%	9%	−5%, 20%	8%	−4%, 19%	−7%	−14%, 8%	−7%	−24%, 8%	−7%	−23%, 8%
Diet	−9%	−26%, 6%	−9%	−25%, 5%	−8%	−24%, 5%	3%	−13%, 16%	3%	−13%, 16%	3%	−12%, 15%
CRF	7%	2%, 11%	6%	2%, 11%	6%	1%, 10%	7%	2%, 12%	7%	2%, 12%	7%	2%, 12%
Multiple factors
Smoking + BMI	13%	−1%, 24%	12%	−1%, 24%	12%	−1%, 23%	−0.3%	−17%, 14%	−0.3%	−17%, 14%	−0.3%	−16%, 14%
Smoking + Diet	−4%	−22%, 11%	−4%	−21%, 10%	−4%	−20%, 10%	9%	−7%, 22%	9%	−7%, 22%	9%	−7%, 21%
Smoking + CRF	11%	4%, 17%	10%	4%, 16%	9%	3%, 15%	13%	6%, 19%	13%	6%, 19%	13%	6%, 18%
BMI + Diet	4%	−21%, 18%	0.4%	−21%, 18%	0.2%	−20%, 17%	−4%	−28%, 15%	−4%	−28%, 16%	−4%	−27%, 14%
BMI + CRF	11%	−2%, 22%	11%	−2%, 22%	10%	−3%, 20%	1%	−15%, 15%	0.9%	−15%, 14%	0.8%	−14%, 14%
Diet + CRF	−4%	−21%, 11%	−4%	−20%, 11%	−4%	−20%, 10%	10%	−5%, 23%	10%	−5%, 23%	9%	−5%, 22%

PAF: population attributable fraction; CI: confidence interval; BMI: body mass index; CRF: cardiorespiratory fitness; CVD: cardiovascular disease.
aPAF value at 5th, 10th, and 15th year was denoted by PAF5, PAF10, and PAF15, respectively.
bThe definition of smoking, BMI, diet, CRF is the same as in Table 2.
cAdjusted for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and family history of CVD.