Determinants of Bone Strength Estimated by Calcaneal Ultrasonography in Inuit Women from Nuuk (Greenland)

Table 1

Characteristics of Inuit women.

2002 measurements; (𝑁=118)	Mean ± SD	Range
SOS (m/s)	1518.43±22.66	1468–1600
BUA (dB/MHz)	106.41±10.56	80–144
SI (%)	76.07±12.11	50–124
2000 measurements	Participation in 2000 and 2002; (𝑁=118)	Nonparticipation in 2002; (𝑁=30)	Comparison
QUS parameters	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Student’s 𝑡-test; 𝑃 value^a
	Range	Range
SOS (m/s)	1523.19±23.12	1520.90±37.01	0.7479
	1464–1595	1463–1592
BUA (dB/MHz)	107.96±9.61	108.43±15.08	0.8703
	84–136	82–140
SI (%)	78.42±11.85	78.10±19.71	0.9319
	51–117	47–116
Other factors
Age (years)	55.25±4.22	56.13±4.90	0.3261
	49–64	49–63
Total breastfeeding duration (months)	32.21±40.10	25.33±29.20	0.3797
	0–216	1–108
Height (cm)	155.89±6.66	156.27±6.44	0.7810
	142–171	145–171
Body weight (kg)	67.62±14.46	66.50±17.49	0.7164
	37–99	36–99
Ratio abdominal/hip circumference	0.93±0.07	0.94±0.07	0.2672
	0.78–1.09	0.77–1.10
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.60±0.48	2.56±0.54	0.6783
	1.73–4.67	1.38–4.24
Total triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.64±1.34	1.53±0.84	0.5939
	0.44–13.36	0.61–3.87
Omega-3 PUFA (%)	13.97±4.63	13.78±5.03	0.8476
	4.78–27.56	6.15–25.18
Omega-6 PUFA (%)	22.79±4.47	22.18±4.92	0.5106
	12.44–31.45	10.87–29.55
Ratio omega-3/omega-6 PUFA	0.68±0.37	0.70±0.44	0.7657
	0.17–2.21	0.21–2.32
DL-PCB 156 (μg/L)	0.70±0.35	0.86±0.56	0.1450
	0.13–2.12	0.22–2.31
	0.62^b	0.72^b
	𝑁 (%)	𝑁 (%)	𝑃 value^a
Menopausal status	118	30	0.5062^c
Postmenopausal	107 (90.7)	26 (86.7)
Nonmenopausal	11 (9.3)	4 (13.3)
Parity	118	30	0.2139^c
Yes	108 (91.5)	30 (100)
No	10 (8.5)	0 (0)
Personal history of fracture	118	30	0.3002^c
Yes	9 (7.6)	4 (13.3)
No	109 (92.4)	26 (86.7)
Causes of secondary osteoporosis (CSO)	118	30	1.0000^c
Yes	12 (10.2)	3 (10)
No	106 (89.8)	27 (90)
Calcium supplement use	118	30	0.4679^c
Yes	12 (10.2)	1 (3.3)
No	106 (89.8)	29 (96.7)
HRT use	118	30	0.7272^c
Yes	10 (8.5)	3 (10)
No	108 (91.5)	27 (90)
Oral contraceptive use	118	30	0.9865^d
Yes	47 (39.8)	12 (40)
No	71 (60.2)	18 (60)
Leisure physical activity (LPA)	118	30	0.7415^c
Active	12 (10.2)	4 (13.3)
Inactive or little activity	106 (89.8)	26 (86.7)
Smoking status	118	30	0.2059^d
Yes	85 (72)	25 (83.3)
No	33 (28)	5 (16.7)
Sun exposure	118	30	0.7987^d
Yes	25 (21.2)	7 (23.3)
No	93 (78.8)	23 (76.7)
Alcohol intake	118	30	0.6026^d
Yes	73 (61.9)	17 (56.7)
No	45 (38.1)	13 (43.3)
Consumption of dairy products	118	30	1.0000^c
Yes (≥1/jour)	106 (89.8)	27 (90)
No (0/jour)	12 (10.2)	3 (10)

aComparison between the participants (𝑛=118) and the nonparticipants (𝑛=30) to the second QUS measurement (2002); ^bGeometric mean; ^cFisher’s exact test; ^dChi square test.