Association of Breastfeeding and the Federal Poverty Level: National Survey of Family Growth, 2011–2013
Table 4
Adjusted stratified logistic regression results with race/ethnicity, gestation, and marital status on breastfeeding, National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) 2011–2013.
Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval)
Number
100–199% FPL
200–299% FPL
300–399% FPL
400%+ FPL
value
Maternal race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white1
2,337
1.01 (0.61, 1.70)
0.93 (0.53, 1.61)
0.83 (0.44, 1.59)
1.00 (0.52, 1.92)
0.974
Non-Hispanic black2
1,313
1.23 (0.80, 1.90)
1.67 (0.90, 3.11)
1.96 (0.79, 4.88)
1.81 (0.84, 3.91)
0.253
Hispanic3
1,747
1.17 (0.62, 2.19)
1.21 (0.47, 3.09)
0.83 (0.39, 1.76)
2.49 (0.92, 6.76)
0.219
Marital status
Single/separated/widowed/divorced4
2,946
1.15 (0.79, 1.68)
1.28 (0.71, 2.32)
1.18 (0.54, 2.56)
1.28 (0.58, 2.84)
0.892
Married5
2,451
1.16 (0.64, 2.09)
0.94 (0.53, 1.66)
0.90 (0.43, 1.87)
1.18 (0.58, 2.37)
0.869
Preterm birth
Yes (less than 37 weeks)6
705
1.14 (0.64, 2.04)
1.14 (0.66, 1.98)
1.13 (0.51, 2.53)
1.44 (0.66, 3.13)
0.918
No (37 weeks and above)7
4,617
1.15 (0.85, 1.58)
1.26 (0.82, 1.93)
0.98 (0.56, 1.73)
1.40 (0.72, 2.75)
0.759
Interactions
Non-Hispanic white, married, not preterm
544
0.60 (0.20, 1.75)
0.64 (0.17, 2.34)
0.64 (0.16, 2.61)
0.81 (0.19, 3.46)
0.864
Non-Hispanic white, single, not preterm
311
0.86 (0.39, 1.90)
0.84 (0.31, 2.32)
0.32 (0.08, 1.27)
0.43 (0.09, 2.08)
0.441
Non-Hispanic white, married, preterm
857
1.12 (0.39, 3.22)
0.56 (0.20, 1.59)
0.71 (0.22, 2.32)
0.86 (0.25, 2.95)
0.866
Non-Hispanic white, single, preterm
625
1.08 (0.57, 2.04)
3.00 (1.39, 6.48)
1.61 (0.54, 4.83)
1.08 (0.37, 3.12)
0.086
Non-Hispanic black, married, not preterm
89
0.76 (0.02, 27.42)
1.51 (0.01, 141.84)
1.89 (0.04, 91.30)
1.03 (0.01, 113.05)
0.987
Non-Hispanic black, single, not preterm
334
1.37 (0.45, 4.12)
0.76 (0.20, 2.86)
7.02 (0.79, 62.55)
0.72 (0.13, 4.02)
0.232
Non-Hispanic black, married, preterm
208
2.09 (0.55, 7.93)
2.43 (0.49, 12.01)
14.20 (1.61, 125.07)
6.08 (0.66, 55.59)
0.083
Non-Hispanic black, single, preterm
682
1.42 (0.76, 2.66)
2.28 (0.79, 6.59)
1.38 (0.38, 4.99)
2.04 (0.50, 8.36)
0.547
Hispanic, married, not preterm
204
Limited cell sizes
Limited cell sizes
Limited cell sizes
Limited cell sizes
Hispanic, single, not preterm
250
0.83 (0.33, 2.08)
0.07 (0.01, 0.36)
Limited cell sizes
Limited cell sizes
Hispanic, married, preterm
549
0.82 (0.50, 1.32)
1.60 (0.48, 5.35)
0.29 (0.07, 1.29)
1.11 (0.27, 4.58)
0.327
Hispanic, single, preterm
744
1.04 (0.43, 2.50)
2.02 (0.59, 6.92)
1.15 (0.28, 4.74)
1.42 (0.27, 7.42)
0.834
FPL = Federal Poverty Level. 0–99% Federal Poverty Level is the reference group. Subgroups are adjusted for maternal age (14 to less than 20 years; 20 to less than 25 years; 25 to less than 30 years; or 30 to 44 years), maternal race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white; non-Hispanic black; or Hispanic), maternal education (less than high school; high school graduate; some higher education; or Associate degree and above), marital status (married or single/separated/divorced), parity (first infant or 2 or more), preterm birth (yes, less than 37 weeks, or no, 37 weeks and above), low birth weight (yes, less than 2500 grams, or no, 2500 grams and above), insurance (private or MediGap; Medicaid, CHIP, or a state-sponsored plan; Medicare, military, or other government plans; or single service plan, IHS, or no coverage), and dwelling (urban, principal city; urban, other than principal city; or rural) except as noted. 1Stratified to non-Hispanic white participants. 2Stratified to non-Hispanic black participants. 3Stratified to Hispanic participants. 4Stratified to single/separated/widowed/divorced participants. 5Stratified to married participants. 6Stratified to participants with preterm infants. 7Stratified to participants with infants who were not preterm.