Review Article
Natural History of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Antecedents and Progression
Table 1
Summary of selected studies on TLE and relationship to IPE.
| Study | | Criteria for diagnosis of TLE | IPE reported | Patients with TLE with positive history (%) |
|
French [10] | 67 | Mesial temporal onset on depth EEG | Seizures in infancy/early childhood | 54 [81] | Nonlesional MRI | ~ FS | 52 [78] | Seizure freedom since unilateral TLY, at least 2 years | ~ Afebrile-Head | 02 | | Head trauma | 10 | | Birth trauma | 02 | | Other maternal factors | 02 |
|
Tassi [11] | 243 | Surgery confined to temporal lobe, with histopathological data on neocortex and hippocampus | Febrile seizures [FS] | | FS in patients with HS | 61 [25] | FS in patients with HS only | 15/34 [44] | FS in patients with MCD | 50/110 [45] |
|
Harvey [12] | 63 [new onset TLE-age of onset <15 years] | Agreement among 3 neurologists from clinical and investigational data; ictal EEG “gold standard” | Perinatal problems | | Head injury | 24 [38] | Bacterial meningitis | 1 | Viral encephalitis | 1 | FS | 4 | Simple | 1 | Complicated | | Respiratory arrest | 6 | Hypertensive | 7 | Encephalopathy | 2 | Prolonged focal FS | | Infantile spasms | 1 | | 1 | | 1 |
|
Sztriha [13] | 30 [new onset TLE-age of onset <14years] | Agreement amongst 2 investigators based on clinical and investigational data; no alternative diagnosis likely | Antecedent illness | 5 [16.6] | Perinatal HIE | 1 | Encephalitis | 1 | Traumatic brain injury | 2 | Complex FS | 1 |
|
Ozkara [14] | 165 | Mesial TLE with HS on MRI; postoperative follow-up data for >1 year available | FS | 116 [70.3] | Risk factors | 62 [37.6] | [antecedents] | 27 | Head trauma | 21 | Birth asphyxia | 11 | Neonatal infections | 1 | Kernicterus | 1 | Near drowning | 1 | Heat stroke | |
|
Uijl et al. [15] | 484 | Epilepsy surgery patients who underwent TLY | FS | 180 [37] |
|
Jeong et al. [16] | 227 | mTLE With HS on MRI and anterior temporal onset on ictal EEG; with normal MRI but clear mesial temporal onset on invasive electrode ictal recordings | FS | 99 [43.6] |
|
Rathore et al. [17] | 124 | Postoperative mTLE with histopathologically proven HS | Typical FS | 85 [68.5] | Atypical IPE | 19 | Meningoencephalitis | 10 | Febrile status | 6 | Epilepticus | | Perinatal hypoxia | 2 | Neonatal seizures | 1 |
|
Berg et al. [8] | 215 [Total patients analyzed ] | Refractory partial epilepsy and HS on MRI, having undergone resective surgery for same | FS | 95 [44.2] |
|
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FS: febrile seizures, mTLE: mesial temporal lobe sclerosis, HS: hippocampal sclerosis, HIE: hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, FSE: febrile status epilepticus, TLY: temporal lobectomy, MCD: malformations of cortical development, and IPE: Initial precipitating event.
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