Neuropathology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Table 1

International league against epilepsy consensus classification system for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) [34].

FCD type I: isolated	FCD Ia: abnormal radial cortical lamination	FCD Ib: abnormal tangential cortical lamination		FCD Ic: abnormal radial and tangential cortical lamination
FCD type II: isolated	FCD IIa: dysmorphic neurons		FCD IIb: dysmorphic neurons and balloon cells
FCD type III: associated with principal lesion	FCD IIIa: cortical lamination abnormalities in the temporal lobe associated with hippocampal sclerosis	FCD IIIb: cortical lamination abnormalities adjacent to a glial or glioneuronal tumor	FCD IIIc: cortical lamination abnormalities adjacent to vascular malformation	FCD IIId: cortical lamination abnormalities adjacent to any other lesion acquired during early life (e.g., trauma, ischemic injury, and encephalitis)