40 patients (20 with refractory and 20 with controlled epilepsy)
Medical history; sleep prestructured questionnaire; ESS; PSG.
ESS scores higher in The medically refractory group, but the number of patients with ESS > 10 was similar in both groups. Average TST is shorter in the refractory group in contrast to self-reported sleep. Also this group had more abnormal arousals, sleep efficiency, and awakenings. 20% in the refractory group with AHI > 5 and none in the controlled group.
Levetiracetam reduced TST and increased daytime sleepiness compared to baseline. Reduced REM sleep on PSG. Increase in ESS score but no changes in MSLT after levetiracetam treatment.
Medical and family history and neurological examination. EEG, neuroimaging; ESS; PSQI; NIMHANS sleep disorders questionnaire.
ESS score 11 in 34% of patients. PSQI score 6 in 48% of patients. Mean ESS and PSQI scores significantly high in the JME group and a high prevalence of EDS and insomnia.
ESS score 10 in 20% of patients and 7% of controls. PSQI total scores were higher in patients (6.5 versus 3.7). Patients had higher sleep latency (1.2 versus 0.6).
Medical record; Berlin clinical questionnaire; ESS; Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventory.
Patients with epilepsy have a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea (55 %) which is related to neck circumference, anxiety, arterial hypertension, and high body mass index.
PSQI was high before epilepsy surgery and decreased after the procedure. ESS scores reduced after surgery, but no score was in the pathological range. TLE patients have poor subjective sleep quality that improves after epilepsy surgery.
ESS > 9 in 37.3% of patients and in 11.2% of controls. Mean ESS was higher in patients (7.1 versus 5.5). Patients had lower sleep efficiency and more stage N2 and less N3 and REM than controls. MSLT performed only in epilepsy group (mean latency 13 min.).
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale; ESS; QOLIE-31.
Subjective anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance correlated with QOLIE-31. High ESS score, polytherapy, psychiatric comorbidity and seizures in the last month were related with lower QOLIE-31 score.
ESS; blood chemistry (plasma level of pregabalin); EEG; PSG.
Pregabalin reduced seizures, increased REM sleep, and decreased stage 2 sleep. Significant increase in ESS score without reaching the pathological cut-off (ESS < 10).
Medical record ESS; SA-SDQ; Athens Insomnia Scale; QOLIE-31.
Prevalence of EDS was 16.9%. 28.2% had OSA, based on SA-SDQ. No correlation with EDS and OSA. Prevalence of insomnia was 24.6%. Patients with EDS had lower score on QOLIE-31, and patients with OSA had lower score in cognitive functioning. Insomnia correlated with seizure frequency and was an independent predictor of reduced quality of life.
Beck Depression Inventory; PSQI; Maternal Quality of Life; Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Scale; Child Behavior Checklist; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV; Scales of Independent Behavior-Revised.
45% of mothers scored as depressed (25% in the severe range). Sleep disruption in 67%. Maternal depression correlated with child behavior disorders, but not with epilepsy-related variables, autism, adaptive delay, or family income.
21 (>50 years with late-onset or worsening seizures and seizure-free or/with improvement)
Medical record; ESS; SA-SDQ; PSG. CPAP treatment for patients diagnosed with OSA.
The late-onset group had higher AHI, ESS score, and SA-SDQ score, Mean ESS of 11.6 in the late-onset group and 5.9 in seizure-free group. Correlation between the ESS scores and AHI. Patients with CPAP treatment had improvements in seizure control and EDS.
17 patients (8 in placebo group and 9 in pregabalin group)
Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale; seizure diary; Groningen Sleep Questionnaire; Sleep Diagnosis List; PSG.
Pregabalin was associated with a reduction in the number of awakenings and improvement in wake time after sleep onset. It was also associated with improvements in sleep disturbance scales and sleep quantity subscales compared with placebo.
ESS; Bologna questionnaire on sleepiness-related symptoms; questionnaire on nocturnal sleep quality; Berlin questionnaire.
EDS did not differ between groups. NFLE group being more “tired after awakening” (36% versus 11%) and having “spontaneous mid-sleep awakenings” (50% versus 22%).
Periodic leg movements during sleep and EDS were associated with enhanced arousal instability induced by epileptic discharges not detectable on scalp EEG.
In 21 patients, the appearance of OSA coincided with an increase in seizure frequency or status epilepticus. Four patients with good CPAP compliance had reduction of ESS scores and seizure frequency.
Sleep complaints in 30% of patients and 10% of controls. Maintenance insomnia more frequent in patients (52% versus 38%). EDS, sleep apnea, and restless legs symptoms with no difference between groups.
Present a severe but potentially reversible hypersomnia with levetiracetam as add-on treatment in epilepsy patients and consider objective sleep-wake tests in epilepsy patients complaining of daytime fatigue/somnolence.
WHO epilepsy questionnaire; Sleep Diagnosis List; Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale; Groningen Sleep Questionnaire; ESS; SF-36 Health Survey.
Sleep disturbance is in patients more prevalent than controls (38.6% versus 18%). Patients had more EDS (relation observed with SDL but not with the ESS). Patients with more impairment in quality of life.
85% with EDS, 75% with seizures during sleep, and 26% with insomnia. Parasomnia was the most common sleep disorder (67%). PSG showed sleep fragmentation, reduction in REM sleep, and increase in wake time after sleep onset. ESS correlated with MSLT.
