The Modified Atkins Diet in Refractory Epilepsy

Table 2

A summary of studies that include data specifically on individuals aged >12 years on MAD [29].

Study	Study design	Sample size; (adolescents/adults)	Age; (yrs)	Seizure types	Endpoint; (mths)	Number of adolescent (12–18 yrs); responders (%); (>50% reduction)	Number of; adult (>18 yrs); responders at endpoint (%); (>50% reduction)	Adverse effects
Kang et al. 2007 [14]	Prospective	1 (1/0)	14.4	DS with ATS	7	0 (0%)	NA	Vomiting
Kossoff et al. 2008 [30]	Prospective	30 (0/30)	18–53	CPS, MST, AS	6	NA	9 (30%)	Lethargy, weight loss,; elevated total cholesterol, leg swelling
Carrette et al. 2008 [31]	Prospective	8 (0/8)	31–55	CPS, CPS with occasional SG, LGS	6	NA	1 (13%)	Vomiting, headache, nausea,; diarrhoea, constipation,; weakness, weight loss,; elevated total and LDL; cholesterol
Weber et al. 2009 [20]	Prospective	7 (7/0)	12–17	SFE, LGS, MAE, JME	3	3 (43%)	NA	Unknown
Kossoff et al. 2010 [32]	Prospective	2 (2/0)	13–18	SWS with CPS	6	1 (50%)	NA	Weight loss, high peak total; cholesterol
Smith et al. 2011 [33]	Prospective	18 (0/18)	18–55	PS with SG, MS, CPS, SPS	12	NA	3 (17%)	Weight loss

AS: absence seizures; ATS: atonic seizures; CPS: complex partial seizures; DS: Doose syndrome; JME: juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; LGS: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; MAE: myoclonic astatic epilepsy; MS: myoclonic seizures; MST: multiple seizure types; NA: not available; PS: partial seizures; SFE: symptomatic focal epilepsy; SG: secondary generalization; SPS: simple partial seizures; SWS: Sturge-Weber syndrome.