Modeling Rock Fracture Propagation and Water Inrush Mechanisms in Underground Coal Mine

Figure 8

Verification model for the main return roadway in the No. 16 coal seam. (a) Fracture initiation in rock surrounding the roadway at cycle 16. (b) Fracture propagation and coalescence in rock surrounding the roadway at cycle 29. (c) The distribution of major principal stress in surrounding rock at cycle 29. (d) The distribution of total displacement at cycle 29; size and direction of the arrows carry double information on magnitude and direction of displacement vector.

(a)

(b)

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(d)