Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Volume 2009 (2009), Article ID 679830, 7 pages
doi:10.1155/2009/679830
Research Article
Prognostic Value of Microvascular Density in Dukes A and B (T1–T4, N0, M0) Colorectal Carcinomas
1Digestive Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
2Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
3Department of Emergency, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
Received 9 March 2009; Accepted 23 August 2009
Academic Editor: Andrew Thillainayagam
Copyright © 2009 Rafael Uribarrena A et al. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- P. Fielding, “Staging systems,” in Cancer of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus, A. Cohen and S. Vimawer, Eds., p. 207, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA, 1995.
- S. H. Itzkowitz, “Cancer gastrointestinal: cancer de colon y recto,” in Digestive Diseases Self Education Program, C. M. Wilcox, Ed., p. 25, Medical Trends, Barcelona, Spain, 2001.
- P. Hermanek, “pTNM and residual tumor classifications: problems of assesment and prognostic significance,” The World Journal of Surgery, vol. 19, pp. 180–190, 1995.
- A. J. Bilchik, S. Saha, D. Wiese, et al., “Molecular staging of early colon cancer on the basis of sentinel node analysis: a multicenter phase II trial,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1128–1136, 2001. View at Scopus
- J. Ovaska, H. Järvinen, H. Kujari, et al., “Follow-up of patients operated on for colorectal carcinoma,” American Journal of Surgery, vol. 159, no. 6, pp. 593–596, 1990. View at Scopus
- R. C. Newland, P. H. Chapuis, M. T. Pheils, and J. G. MacPherson, “The relationship of survival to staging and grading of colorectal carcinoma: a prospective study of 503 cases,” Cancer, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1424–1429, 1981. View at Scopus
- L. M. Ellis and I. J. Fidler, “Angiogenesis and metastasis,” The European Journal of Cancer, vol. 32A, no. 14, pp. 2451–2460, 1996.
- N. Ferrara and T. Davis-Smyth, “The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor,” Endocrine Reviews, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 4–25, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- I. J. Fidler and L. M. Ellis, “The implications of angiogenesis for the biology and therapy of cancer metastasis,” Cell, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 185–188, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Folkman, “Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease,” Nature Medicine, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 27–31, 1995. View at Scopus
- S. A. Stacker, C. Caesar, M. E. Baldwin, et al., “VEGF-D promotes the metastatic spread of tumor cells via the lymphatics,” Nature Medicine, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 186–191, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- N. Weidner, “Tumor angiogenesis: review of current applications in tumor prognostication,” Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 302–313, 1993. View at Scopus
- C. H. Blood and B. R. Zetter, “Tumor interactions with the vasculature: angiogenesis and tumor metastasis,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 1032, no. 1, pp. 89–118, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- N. Weidner, “Intratumoral vascularity as a prognostic factor in cancers of the urogenital tract,” The European Journal of Cancer A, vol. 32, no. 14, pp. 2506–2512, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- N. Weidner, P. R. Carroll, J. Flax, W. Blumenfeld, and J. Folkman, “Tumor angiogenesis correlates with metastasis in invasive prostate carcinoma,” American Journal of Pathology, vol. 143, no. 2, pp. 401–409, 1993. View at Scopus
- R. E. Frank, T. J. Saclarides, S. Leurgans, N. J. Speziale, E. A. Drab, and D. B. Rubin, “Tumor angiogenesis as a predictor of recurrence and survival in patients with node-negative colon cancer,” Annals of Surgery, vol. 222, no. 6, pp. 695–699, 1995. View at Scopus
- Y. Takebayashi, S. I. Akiyama, K. Yamada, S. Akiba, and T. Aikou, “Angiogenesis as an unfavorable prognostic factor in human colorectal carcinoma,” Cancer, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 226–231, 1996. View at Scopus
- C. J. Engel, S. T. Bennett, A. F. Chambers, G. S. Doig, N. Kerkvliet, and P. O. O'Malley, “Tumor angiogenesis predicts recurrence in invasive colorectal cancer when controlled for Dukes sataging,” The American Journal of Surgical Pathology, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1260–1265, 1996.
- T. J. Saclarides, N. J. Speziale, E. Drab, D. Szeluga, and D. B. Rubin, “Tumor angiogenesis and rectal carcinoma,” Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 921–926, 1994. View at Scopus
- N. Weidner, J. P. Semple, W. R. Welch, and J. Folkman, “Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Correlation in invasive breast carcinoma,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 324, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 1991. View at Scopus
- Y. Takahashi, S. L. Tucker, Y. Kitadai, et al., “Vessel counts and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as prognostic factors in node-negative colon cancer,” Archives of Surgery, vol. 132, no. 5, pp. 541–546, 1997. View at Scopus
- S. M. Kang, K. Maeda, N. Onoda, et al., “Combined analysis of p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colorectal carcinoma for determination of tumor vascularity and liver metastasis,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 502–507, 1997. View at Scopus
- Y. Takahashi, C. D. Bucana, K. R. Cleary, and L. M. Ellis, “P53, vessel count, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human colon cancer,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 34–38, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Giatromanolaki, G. P. Stathopoulos, E. Tsiobanou, et al., “Combined role of tumor angiogenesis, bcl-2, and p53 expression in the prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma,” Cancer, vol. 86, no. 8, pp. 1421–1430, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Onogawa, Y. Kitadai, S. Tanaka, T. Kuwai, S. Kimura, and K. Chayama, “Expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D at the invasive edge correlates with lymph node metastasis and prognosis of patients with colorectal carcinoma,” Cancer Science, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 32–39, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. Zheng, M.-Y. Han, Z.-X. Xiao, J.-P. Peng, and Q. Dong, “Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and neovascularization in colorectal carcinoma,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1227–1230, 2003. View at Scopus
- C. A. Staton, A. S. Chetwood, I. C. Cameron, S. S. Cross, N. J. Brown, and N. W. Reed, “The angiogenic switch occurs at the adenoma stage of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer,” Gut, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 1426–1432, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- I. D. Wang, P. Wu, J. D. Mao, H. Huang, and F. Zang, “Relationship between vascular invasion, vascular density and micrometastasis,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 13, no. 46, pp. 6269–6273, 2007. View at Scopus
- P. M. Pavlopoulos, A. E. Konstantinidou, E. Agapitos, N. Kavantzas, P. Nikolopoulou, and P. Davaris, “A morphometric study of neovascularization in colorectal carcinoma,” Cancer, vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 2067–2075, 1998. View at Scopus
- F. Cianchi, A. Palomba, L. Messerini, et al., “Tumor angiogenesis in lymph node-negative rectal cancer: correlation with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis,” Annals of Surgical Oncology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 20–26, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. I. Baeten, K. Castermans, H. F. Hillen, and A. W. Griffioen, “Proliferating endothelial cells and leukocyte infiltration as prognostic markers in colorectal cancer,” Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 1351–1357, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- G. Lindmark, B. Gerdin, C. Sundberg, L. Pahlman, R. Bergstrom, and B. Glimelius, “Prognostic significance of the microvascular count in colorectal cancer,” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 461–466, 1996. View at Scopus
- B. F. Banner, R. Whitehouse, S. P. Baker, and R. S. Swanson, “Tumor angiogenesis in stage II colorectal carcinoma: association with survival,” American Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 109, no. 6, pp. 733–737, 1998. View at Scopus
- J. D. White, P. W. Hewett, D. Kosuge, et al., “Vascular endothelial growth factor-D expression is an independent prognostic marker for survival in colorectal carcinoma,” Cancer Research, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1669–1675, 2002. View at Scopus
- G. M. Boxer, E. Tsiompanou, T. Levine, R. Watson, and R. H. Begent, “Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel counting as prognostic indicators in node-negative colorectal cancer,” Tumor Biology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- C. C. Compton, L. P. Fielding, L. J. Burgart, et al., “Prognostic factors in colorectal cancer: college of American Pathologists consensus statement 1999,” Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 979–994, 2000. View at Scopus
- M. Bouvet, M. Milas, G. G. Giacco, et al., “Predictors of recurrence after local excision and postoperative chemoradiation therapy of adenocarcinoma of the rectum,” Annals of Surgical Oncology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 26–32, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Di Gregorio, P. Benatti, L. Losi, et al., “Incidence and survival of patients with dukes A (stages T1 and T2) colorectal carcinoma: a 15-year population-based study,” International Journal of Colorectal Disease, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 147–154, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- G. J. Offerhaus, F. M. Giardiello, J. A. Bruijn, T. Stijnen, E. N. Molyvas, and G. J. Fleuren, “The value of immunohistochemistry for collagen IV expression in colorectal carcinomas,” Cancer, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 99–105, 1991. View at Scopus
- O. Celen, E. Yildirim, and U. Berberoglu, “Factors influencing outcome of surgery for stage I rectal cancer,” Neoplasma, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 487–490, 2004. View at Scopus
- C. Hassan, A. Zullo, M. Risio, F. P. Rossini, and S. Morini, “Histologic risk factors and clinical outcome in colorectal malignant polyp: a pooled-data analysis,” Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 1588–1596, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- A. N. Meguerditchian, I. Bairati, R. Lagace, F. Harel, and A. Kibrite, “Prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in surgically cured rectal carcinoma,” American Journal of Surgery, vol. 189, no. 6, pp. 707–713, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at PubMed · View at Scopus
- D. M. Goldenberg, R. M. Sharkey, and F. J. Primus, “Carcinoembryonic antigen in histopathology: immunoperoxidase staining of conventional tissue sections,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 11–22, 1976. View at Scopus