Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Its Nutritional and Respiratory Complications in the Elderly

<table>Diagrams showing the four steps of supraglottic swallow to protect the airway from aspiration. Commands for the patient are: (1) Take a deep breath, (2) Hold your breath, (3) Hold your breath while swallowing, (4) Cough immediately after you swallow.</table>

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Figure 6

Figure 6: Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Its Nutritional and Respiratory Complications in the Elderly 