Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Gastrointestinal Cancer

Table 2

Metabolic syndrome and gastrointestinal disease.

	Reference	Year	Patients no.	Definitions of metabolic syndrome	Relative risk (RR) or odds ratios (OR)	P value
Colorectal cancer	Pelucchi et al. [24]	2010	1378	IDF criteria	Men: OR, 2.09; (95% CI, 1.38–3.18)	<0.001
				>3 components	Women: OR, 1.15; (95% CI, 0.68–1.94)	P = 0.22
	Ahmed et al. [25]	2006	194	ATP III	Men: RR, 1.78; ( 95% CI, 1.0–3.6)
				>3 components or more	Women: RR, 1.16; ( 95% CI, 0.6–2.2)
Nonalcholic fatty liver disease	Hamaguchi et al. [26]	2005	816	Presence of the metabolic syndrome	Men: OR, 4.00; (95% CI, 2.63–6.08)	<0.001
				ATP III	Women: OR, 11.20; (95% CI, 4.85–25.87)	<0.001
liver fibrosis	Marchesini et al. [27]	2003	304	ATP III	OR, 3.5; (95% CI, 1.1–11.2)	P = 0.032
NASH	Marchesini et al. [27]	2003	304	ATP III	OR, 3.2; (95% CI, 1.2–8.9)	P = 0.26
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)	Welzel et al. [28]	2011	3649	ATP III	OR, 2.13; (95% CI = 1.96–2.31)	P < 0.0001
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma	Welzel et al. [28]	2011	743	ATP III	OR, 1.56; (95% CI = 1.32–1.83)	P < 0.0001