Table 1: Baseline characteristics and medical history in opium-addicted and non-addicted patients with SOD and undergoing ERCP.

Characteristics Opium addicted () Non-addicted () value Male gender 8 (100) 48 (43.6) 0.002 Age (years) 0.735 Diabetes mellitus 0 (0.0) 15 (13.5) 0.594 Hypertension 1 (12.5) 28 (25.2) 0.678 Coronary artery disease 1 (12.5) 8 (7.2) 0.478 Cigarette smoking 4 (50.0) 11 (9.9) 0.009 Alcohol use 0 (0.0) 5 (4.5) 0.999 Pre-ERCP 2 (25.0) 13 (11.7) 0.265 Biliary stones 1 (12.5) 8 (7.2) 0.478 Cirrhosis 0 (0.0) 1 (0.9) 0.999 Pancreatitis 0 (0.0) 4 (3.6) 0.999 Cancer of pancreas 1 (12.5) 1 (0.9) 0.130