Functional Dyspepsia: Subtypes, Risk Factors, and Overlap with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a Population of African Patients

Table 6

Risk factors of functional dyspepsia (multivariate analysis).

FD Subtype	Risk factor	Standardized coefficient	95% confident interval	𝑃 value
PDS	Female sex	0.044	−0.122 to 0.209	0.604
	Concomitant IBS	0.233	0.027 to 0.110	0.001*
	Alcohol	0.235	0.083 to 0.442	0.004*
	Smoking	0.153	−0.029 to 0.383	0.092
EPS	Concomitant IBS	−0.370	−0.127 to −0.055	<0.0001*
PDS+EPS	Alcohol	0.360	0.233 to 0.599	<0.0001*
	Smoking	0.265	0.105 to 0.526	0.003*
	NSAID	0.176	0.087 to 0.638	0.010*

FD: functional dyspepsia; PDS: postprandial distress syndrome; EPS: epigastric pain syndrome; NSAID: non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
*Statistically significant.