Pulmonary Complications following Cytoreductive Surgery and Perioperative Chemotherapy in 147 Consecutive Patients

Table 5

Impact of quantitative prognostic indicators and clinical variables on pulmonary adverse events in 147 consecutive patients.

	Pulmonary			Pulmonary
	Events I–IV			Events I–IV
	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	Yes N = 14	No N = 133	P value^*/OR (95% CI)	Odds ratio	P value
Gender
Male	6	62	0.7884		NT^**
Female	8	71	1.2 (0.4, 3.5)
Age
≤50 year	7	65	0.9360		NT
>50 year	7	68	1.0 (0.3, 2.9)
Location
Appendix	13	122	1.0000		NT
Colorectal	1	11	0.9 (0.1, 7.1)
Grade
Grade 1	4	57	0.3021		NT
Grade 2–4	10	76	1.9 (0.6, 6.3)
Prior surgical score
0–2	13	120	1.0000		NT
3–5	1	13	0.7 (0.1, 5.9)
Peritoneal cancer index (4 groups)
0–10	1	30	reference		NT
11–20	4	36	0.3779
			3.3 (0.4, 31.4)
21–30	5	48	0.4060
			3.1 (0.3, 28.1)
31–39	4	19	0.1512
			6.3 (0.7, 60.9)
Peritoneal cancer index (2 groups A)
0–20	5	66	0.3218		NT
21+	9	67	1.8 (0.6, 5.6)
Peritoneal cancer index (2 groups B)
0–30	10	114	0.2359		NT
31+	4	19	2.4 (0.7, 8.4)
Completeness of cytoreduction
Complete	10	115	0.2273		NT
Incomplete	4	18	2.6 (0.7, 9.0)
Peritonectomy procedure
Pelvic	13	110	0.4679		NT
			0.4 (0.1, 2.9)
Right upper quadrant	11	98	1.0000		NT
			0.8 (0.2, 2.9)
Left upper quadrant	8	64	0.5206		NT
			0.7 (0.2, 2.1)
Omental bursa	10	60	0.0608		NT
			0.3 (0.1, 1.1)
Anterior abd. wall	6	44	0.5553		NT
			0.7 (0.2, 2.0)
Peritonectomy procedure per patient
0–2	3	52	0.1938		NT
3–5	11	81	2.4 (0.6, 8.8)
Visceral resections performed
Omentectomy	14	130	1.0000		NT
			NC^**
Splenectomy	11	73	0.0885		NT
			0.3 (0.1, 1.2)
Rectosigmoid colon	7	50	0.3648		NT
			0.6 (0.2, 1.8)
Right colon resection	7	63	0.8512		NT
			0.9 (0.3, 2.7)
Hysterectomy	4	43	1.0000		NT
			1.2 (0.4, 4.0)
Small bowel resection	2	27	0.7375		NT
			1.5 (0.3, 7.2)
Transverse colon resection	3	17	0.4078		NT
			0.5 (0.1, 2.1)
Gastrectomy	0	4	1.0000		NT
			NC
Visceral resections performed per patient
0–2	5	51	0.8471		NT
3–7	9	82	1.1 (0.4, 3.5)
Anastomoses performed
Esophagojejunal	0	2	1.0000		NT
			NC
Small bowel	1	21	0.6945		NT
			2.4 (0.3, 19.6)
Ileocolic	1	28	0.3038		NT
			3.5 (0.4, 27.6)
Colocolic	0	3	1.0000		NT
			NC
Colorectal	5	51	0.8471		NT
			1.1 (0.4, 3.5)
Anastomoses performed per patient
0–2	14	125	1.0000		NT
3–5	0	8	NC
Ostomies performed
None	9	95	reference
Diverting ileostomy	3	27	0.7305		NT
			1.2 (0.3, 4.6)
End ileostomy	2	11	0.3518		NT
			1.9 (0.4, 10.0)
Blood replacement
None	5	34	reference
Blood 1–3	2	66	0.0966		NT
			0.2 (0.04, 1.1)
Blood 4–6	4	31	1.0000		NT
			0.9 (0.2, 3.6)
Blood >6	3	2	0.0349	10.2 (1.4, 76.9)	0.0030
			10.2 (1.4, 76.9)
Blood replacement
Blood 0–6	11	131	Reference
Blood >6	3	2	0.0062
			17.9 (2.7,118.5)
Fresh frozen plasma replacement
None	7	73	reference
Plasma 1–4	4	47	1.0000		NT
			0.9 (0.2, 3.2)
Plasma >4	3	13	0.3627		NT
			2.4 (0.6, 10.5)
Time in operating room (hours)
0–6	0	10	Reference
7–12	12	112	0.5986		NT
			NC
>12	2	11	0.4862		NT
			NC
Chemotherapy treatment
HIPEC only	5	74	0.2128		NT
HIPEC plus EPIC	8	57	2.1 (0.6, 6.7)
Unknown	2	1

^*Pearson Chi-square or Fisher's exact test if sparse distribution.
^**NC means not calculated due to 0 count in any of the cells.
^***NT means not tested in multivariate modeling due to nonsignificant univariate test.