Review of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy and Current Controversies

Table 1

MIE outcomes in institutional series, case-control studies, and systematic reviews.

Study	𝑁	Type	Leak	Pneumonia	RLN injury	Morbidity	Mortality
Institutional series
Luketich et al. [14]	206	MIE	11.7%	7.7%	3.6%	—	1.4%
Bizekis et al. [15]	50	MIE	6%	—	—	—	6%
Rajan et al. [16]	463	MIE	—	—	—	16%	0.9%
Nguyen et al. [17]	104	MIE	9.6%	—	—	12.5%	2.9%
Ben-David et al. [18]	105	MIE	4%	9%	7%	—	1%
Ben-David et al. [19]	18	MIE	5.6%	16.7%	—	—	5.6%
Systematic reviews or meta-analyses
Gemmill and McCulloch [20]	1398	MIE	7.7%	13.2%		46.2%	2.3%
Verhage et al. [21]	—	Open		22.9%		60.4%	3.8%
(10 case-control studies)	—	MIE		15.1%		43.8%	1.3%
Nagpal et al. [22]	612	Open	No difference				No difference
(12 case-control studies)	672	MIE	No difference				No difference
Dantoc et al. [23]	—	Open					4.4%
(17 case-control studies)	—	MIE					3%
Sgourakis et al. [24]	1008	Open versus MIE					Total complications lower with MIE
Biere et al. [25]	1061	Open versus MIE					Trends favoring MIE, but not significant
(1 randomized controlled trial and 9 case-control studies)
Mamidanna et al. [26]	6347	Open				39.2%	4%
	1155	MIE				38%	4.3%

MIE: minimally invasive esophagectomy.
RLN: recurrent laryngeal nerve.