Copyright © 2012 Lung-Sheng Lu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. M. L. Freeman, O. W. Cass, C. J. Peine, and G. R. Onstad, “The non-bleeding visible vessel versus the sentinel clot: natural history and risk of rebleeding,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 359–366, 1993. View at Scopus
2. J. Y. W. Lau, J. J. Y. Sung, K. K. C. Lee et al., “Effect of intravenous omeprazole on recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 343, no. 5, pp. 310–316, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
3. I. M. Gralnek, A. N. Barkun, and M. Bardou, “Management of acute bleeding from a peptic ulcer,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 359, no. 9, pp. 928–937, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
4. A. N. Barkun, M. Bardou, E. J. Kuipers et al., “International consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding,” Annals of Internal Medicine, vol. 152, no. 2, pp. 101–113, 2010. View at Scopus
5. M. E. van Leerdam, E. M. Vreeburg, E. A. J. Rauws et al., “Acute upper GI bleeding: did anything change? Time trend analysis of incidence and outcome of acute upper GI bleeding between 1993/1994 and 2000,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 98, no. 7, pp. 1494–1499, 2003. View at Scopus
6. A. N. Barkun, A. W. Cockeram, V. Plourde, and R. N. Fedorak, “Review article: acid suppression in non-variceal acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding,” Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 1565–1584, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. G. Brunner, P. Luna, M. Hartmann, and W. Wurst, “Optimizing the intragastric pH as a supportive therapy in upper GI bleeding,” Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 225–231, 1996. View at Scopus
8. C. H. Wang, M. H. M. Ma, H. C. Chou et al., “High-dose vs non-high-dose proton pump inhibitors after endoscopic treatment in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 170, no. 9, pp. 751–758, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
9. A. Andriulli, S. Loperfido, R. Focareta et al., “High- versus low-dose proton pump inhibitors after endoscopic hemostasis in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding: a multicentre, randomized study,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 103, no. 12, pp. 3011–3018, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
10. H. C. Cheng, A. W. Kao, C. H. Chuang, and B. S. Sheu, “The efficacy of high- and low-dose intravenous omeprazole in preventing rebleeding for patients with bleeding peptic ulcers and comorbid illnesses,” Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 1194–1201, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. M. L. Hu, K. L. Wu, K. W. Chiu et al., “Predictors of rebleeding after initial hemostasis with epinephrine injection in high-risk ulcers,” World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 16, no. 43, pp. 5490–5495, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
12. R. Marmo, G. Rotondano, R. Piscopo, M. A. Bianco, R. D'Angella, and L. Cipolletta, “Dual therapy versus monotherapy in the endoscopic treatment of high-risk bleeding ulcers: a meta-analysis of controlled trials,” American Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 279–289, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
13. T. A. Rockall, R. F. A. Logan, H. B. Devlin, and T. C. Northfield, “Risk assessment after acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage,” Gut, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 316–321, 1996. View at Scopus
14. N. I. Church, H. J. Dallal, J. Masson et al., “Validity of the Rockall scoring system after endoscopic therapy for bleeding peptic ulcer: a prospective cohort study,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 606–612, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. National Kidney Foundation, “K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification,” American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol. 39, no. 2, supplement 1, pp. S1–S266, 2002.
16. H. W. Xu, J. H. Wang, M. S. Tsai et al., “The effects of cefazolin on cirrhotic patients with acute variceal hemorrhage after endoscopic interventions,” Surgical Endoscopy, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 2911–2918, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. S. C. Lin, K. L. Wu, K. W. Chiu, et al., “Risk factors influencing the outcome of peptic ulcer bleeding in end stage renal diseases after initial endoscopic haemostasis,” International Journal of Clinical Practice. In press. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
18. S. C. Yang, K. L. Wu, J. H. Wang, et al., “The effect of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after endoscopic interventions,” Hepatology International. In press. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
19. J. M. Kang, N. Kim, D. H. Lee et al., “Effect of the CYP2C19 polymorphism on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection by 7-day triple therapy with regular proton pump inhibitor dosage,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1287–1291, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
20. T. Furuta, N. Shirai, M. Sugimoto, A. Nakamura, A. Hishida, and T. Ishizaki, “Influence of CYP2C19 pharmacogenetic polymorphism on proton pump inhibitor-based therapies,” Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 153–167, 2005. View at Scopus
21. P. W. Y. Lim, K. L. Goh, and B. C. Y. Wong, “CYP2C19 genotype and the PPIs—focus on rabeprazole,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 20, no. 3, supplement, pp. S22–S28, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
22. J. H. Oh, M. G. Choi, M. S. Dong et al., “Low-dose intravenous pantoprazole for optimal inhibition of gastric acid in Korean patients,” Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1429–1434, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
23. L. Bertilsson, “Geographical/interracial differences in polymorphic drug oxidation. Current state of knowledge of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2D6 and 2C19,” Clinical Pharmacokinetics, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 192–209, 1995. View at Scopus
24. B. S. Sheu, A. W. Kao, H. C. Cheng et al., “Esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily in triple therapy and the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication related to CYP2C19 metabolism,” Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 283–288, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
25. C. Y. Wu, M. S. Wu, K. N. Kuo, C. B. Wang, Y. J. Chen, and J. T. Lin, “Long-term peptic ulcer rebleeding risk estimation in patients undergoing haemodialysis: a 10-year nationwide cohort study,” Gut, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 1038–1042, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
26. J. Cheung, A. Yu, J. LaBossiere, Q. Zhu, and R. N. Fedorak, “Peptic ulcer bleeding outcomes adversely affected by end-stage renal disease,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 44–49, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
27. A. B. Toke, “GI bleeding risk in patients undergoing dialysis,” Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 50–52, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
28. P. Boccardo, G. Remuzzi, and M. Galbusera, “Platelet dysfunction in renal failure,” Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 579–589, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
29. R. Sreedhara, I. Itagaki, B. Lynn, and R. M. Hakim, “Defective platelet aggregation in uremia is transiently worsened by hemodialysis,” American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 555–563, 1995. View at Scopus
30. G. Remuzzi, M. Livio, and G. Marchiaro, “Bleeding in renal failure: altered platelet function in chronic uraemia only partially corrected by haemodialysis,” Nephron, vol. 22, no. 4–6, pp. 347–353, 1978. View at Scopus