Table 4: Comparison between the non-high-dose and high-dose PPI after case-controlled matching.

Characteristic Non-high-dose group () High-dose group () value Age (years) 0.121 Female gender, (%) 11 (25) 12 (27.3) 0.808 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.615 Hb (g/L) 0.897 Platelet (×109/L) 0.297 Use of NSAIDs, (%) 3 (6.8) 2 (4.5) 0.696 Use of aspirin, (%) 4 (9.1) 5 (11.4) 0.725 Use of clopidogrel, (%) 3 (6.8) 4 (9.1) 0.694 Use of warfarin, (%) 1 (2.3) 2 (4.5) 0.557 Coexisting illness, (%)  CKD III, IV/V 19/6 13/7 0.410  COPD 1 0 0.315  CAD 6 10 0.269  DM 12 14 0.640  CVA 12 7 0.195  Liver cirrhosis 10 8 0.597 Shock oat presentation 24 28 0.386 Rockall score 0.387 Time to endoscope (hours) 0.299 PRBC BT (mL) 1496.5 0.537 Forrest classification Ia/Ib/IIa/IIb/IIc/III 2/28/1/13 1/28/4/11 0.513 Time to oral PPI (days) 0.016* Rebleeding, (%) 8 (18.2) 7 (15.9) 0.777 Surgery, (%) 0 0 1.000 Hospital stay (days) 0.505 Mortality, (%) 5 (11.4) 3 (6.8) 0.359 Bleeding related/other causes 3/2 3/0

Hb: hemoglobin, NSAID: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, CKD: chronic kidney disease, PPI: proton-pump inhibitor, DM: diabetes mellitus type 2, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CAD: coronary artery disease, CVA: cerebrovascular accident, BT: blood transfusion, PPI: proton-pump inhibitor, Hemostasis methods A/B/C/D/E/F: Bosmin plus APC/heat probe=A, APC/heat probe=B, Hemoclip=C, Bosmin plus hemoclip=D, APC/heat probe plus hemoclip=E, APC plus hemoclip plus Bosmin=F, APC: argon plasma coagulation. *.