Glossopharyngeal Nerve Block versus Lidocaine Spray to Improve Tolerance in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study groups.

Variable	GFNB; 𝑛=50	TASS; 𝑛=50	𝑃
Gender (M/F)	22/28	24/26	0.56
Age (years)	47 (29–61)	47 (41–52)	0.77
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.9 ± 3.7	27.6 ± 2.3	0.14
Heart rate (beats/min)	91.4 ± 16.0	97.8 ± 9.6	0.18
SBP (mmHg)	127.5 ± 8.5	125.3 ± 7.7	0.44
DBP (mmHg)	86.6 ± 7.3	82.1 ± 5.0	0.04
Smoking 𝑛 (%)	10 (25)	14 (28)	0.50
Previous EGD 𝑛 (%)	4 (8)	3 (6)	0.68

GNFB: glossopharyngeal nerve block group; TASS: topical anesthetic group; M: male; F: female; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy.