Sodium Valproate Inhibits the Growth of Human Cholangiocarcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo

Figure 7

Sodium Valproate induces autophagy in TFK-1 cells and QBC939 cells. TFK-1 cells and QBC939 cells were transfected with green fluorescence protein (GFP) and tagged with MAP-LC3 (GFP-LC3) plasmid and treated with sodium valproate at 2 mM and 8 mM, respectively. The formation of punctate GFP-LC3 spots is indicative of autophagy (short arrow).